如何直接在 git 别名中嵌入 bash 脚本
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How to embed bash script directly inside a git alias
提问by Seba Illingworth
Can I embed the following bash shell code:
我可以嵌入以下 bash shell 代码：
for name in $(git diff --name-only ); do git difftool $name & done
directly into the creation of a git alias:
直接进入git别名的创建：
git config --global alias.diffall ***my-bash-code-here***
This leads on from my previous question/answeron SO, where I put the code into a .sh file and then aliased to the file:
这源于我之前关于 SO 的问题/答案，我将代码放入 .sh 文件中，然后别名到该文件：
git config --global alias.diffall '!sh diffall.sh'
But in the never-ending quest for simplicity, there's gotta be a way to skip the file and insert code directly into the alias? I can't figure out the format...
但是在对简单性的永无止境的追求中，必须有一种方法可以跳过文件并将代码直接插入别名中吗？格式看不懂。。。
回答by u0b34a0f6ae
git config --global alias.diffall '!sh diffall.sh'
This is redundant in one way. If you are going to add 'diffall.sh' into your $PATH anyway, why not save it as 'git-diffall', and save yourself from declaring an alias. Yes, "git diffall" will run it.
这在一方面是多余的。如果您无论如何都要将“diffall.sh”添加到您的 $PATH 中，为什么不将其另存为“git-diffall”，并避免声明别名。是的，“git diffall”会运行它。
回答by michael
To run commands inside of a git alias, and in particular to pass arguments to those commands, you will likely have to create a temporary function which you then immediately invoke:
要在 git 别名内运行命令，特别是将参数传递给这些命令，您可能必须创建一个临时函数，然后立即调用该函数：
$ vim ~/.gitconfig
...
[alias]
# compare:
foo = "! echo begin arg=//end"
foo2 = "!f() { echo "begin arg=//end"; }; f"
In this example, the function is probably what you need (and is also more flexible as to what you can do in a single "statement"); and you can probably tell that for both options, the remaining args to the git command are simply passed as args to the alias, regardless if it's "echo" or "f"; invoking the function simply consumes the args, ignoring what's not explicitly used:
在这个例子中，这个函数可能就是你所需要的（并且对于你可以在单个“语句”中做什么也更加灵活）；您可能会发现，对于这两个选项，git 命令的其余参数只是作为参数传递给别名，无论它是“echo”还是“f”；调用函数只会消耗参数，忽略未显式使用的内容：
$ git foo a b c
begin arg=a/b/end a b c
$ git foo2 a b c
begin arg=a/b/end
Another example (lists all aliases, based on matching pattern) (note: you can keep reusing the same function name "f()" throughout the .gitconfig):
另一个示例（根据匹配模式列出所有别名）（注意：您可以在整个 .gitconfig 中重复使用相同的函数名称“f()”）：
[alias]
alias = "!f() { git config --get-regexp "^alias.$" ; }; f"
The first returns the alias for just "foo$", the second for "foo.*":
第一个返回“foo$”的别名，第二个返回“foo.*”：
$ git alias foo
alias.foo ! echo begin arg=//end
$ git alias 'foo.*'
alias.foo ! echo begin arg=//end
alias.foo2 !f() { echo begin arg=//end; }; f
(nb: actual results may vary based on shell; I'm using this with bash on Linux, Unix & Cygwin (Windows).)
（注意：实际结果可能因 shell 而异；我在 Linux、Unix 和 Cygwin (Windows) 上将其与 bash 一起使用。）
回答by albfan
I couldn't find in documentation, but if you create a script "git-<name>" in path, you can call it with "git name" in your repo.
我在文档中找不到，但是如果你在路径中创建一个脚本“git-<name>”，你可以在你的仓库中用“git name”来调用它。
See:
看：
$ cd ~/bin
$ echo "echo I love this log:
>pwd
>git log --graph --summary --decorate --all" > git-logg
$ chmod +x git-logg
$ cd /path/to/your/repo
$ git logg
I love this log:
/path/to/your/repo
* commit 3c94be44e4119228cc681fc7e11e553c4e77ad04 (whatever-branch)
| Author: myself <my@Laptop.(none)>
| Date: Fri Apr 1 16:47:20 2011 +0200
|
| would have been better not to do it at all
|
...
$
So, you can write any alias you like with this (rather obscure) way too.
因此，您也可以使用这种（相当晦涩的）方式编写您喜欢的任何别名。
Even more you can add autocompletion to that new command defining a function. Info here
您甚至可以向定义函数的新命令添加自动完成功能。信息在这里
$ _git_logg ()
{
# you can return anything here for the autocompletion for example all the branches
__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
}
回答by David Claridge
Adding these 2 line to your .git/config file should do the trick.
将这两行添加到您的 .git/config 文件应该可以解决问题。
[alias]
diffall = '!for name in $(git diff --name-only ); do git difftool $name & done'
Edit: presumably the git-config version works too, but I like to keep my aliases in the config file for ease of management.
编辑：大概 git-config 版本也可以工作，但我喜欢在配置文件中保留我的别名以便于管理。
There is a nice page on the git wiki that explains aliases very clearly: http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/AliasesIn particular, read 'advanced aliases with arguments'
git wiki 上有一个很好的页面，它非常清楚地解释了别名：http: //git.or.cz/gitwiki/Aliases特别是，请阅读“带参数的高级别名”
回答by Denian
(From ProGit documentation: http://progit.org/book/ch7-3.html)
（来自 ProGit 文档：http://progit.org/book/ch7-3.html ）
Have you tried to add a script in .git/hooks?
您是否尝试在 .git/hooks 中添加脚本？
For example, if you create a script .git/hooks/post-checkout:
例如，如果您创建一个脚本 .git/hooks/post-checkout：
#!/bin/bash
echo "This is run after a 'git checkout'"
and then run the command:
然后运行命令：
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
This is run after a 'git checkout'
