加载 MySQLdb 模块时出错“您是否安装了 mysqlclient 或 MySQL-python？”

Error loading MySQLdb Module 'Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?'

提问by PrimeBenefiter

I am using windows 10 command line for a django project using python34 however, I am facing difficulties with SQL.

我在使用 python34 的 django 项目中使用 windows 10 命令行，但是，我在使用 SQL 时遇到了困难。

I have already installed mysqlclient using pip install mysqlclient==1.3.5and located the file to make sure I was not delusional. I then ran python manage.py migrateto migrate the tables to the SQL database (I am using phpmyadmin). However when the command returned with...

我已经使用pip install mysqlclient==1.3.5并找到了该文件来安装 mysqlclient ，以确保我没有错觉。然后我跑去python manage.py migrate将表迁移到 SQL 数据库（我使用的是 phpmyadmin）。但是，当命令返回时...

 File "C:\Users\user\env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 30, in <module>
    'Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?' % e
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named 'MySQLdb'.
Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?

I am aware that questions like these already exist, but not one solution seems to have made any impact on attempts. Thank you in advance.

我知道这样的问题已经存在，但似乎没有一种解决方案对尝试产生任何影响。先感谢您。

回答by aforwardz

pip install pymysql

Then, edit the __init__.py file in your project origin dir(the same as settings.py)

然后，编辑项目源目录中的 __init__.py 文件（与 settings.py 相同）

add:

添加：

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

回答by Aniket Sinha

Faced same problem after migrating to python 3. Apparently, MySQL-python is incompatible, so as per official django docs, installed mysqlclientusing pip install mysqlclienton Mac. Note that there are some OS specific issues mentioned in docs.

迁移到 python 3 后遇到同样的问题。显然，MySQL-python 不兼容，因此根据官方django 文档，在 Mac 上安装了mysqlclient使用pip install mysqlclient。请注意，文档中提到了一些特定于操作系统的问题。

Quoting from docs:

引用文档：

Prerequisites

You may need to install the Python and MySQL development headers and libraries like so:

sudo apt-get install python-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev# Debian / Ubuntu

sudo yum install python-devel mysql-devel# Red Hat / CentOS

brew install mysql-connector-c# macOS (Homebrew) (Currently, it has bug. See below)

On Windows, there are binary wheels you can install without MySQLConnector/C or MSVC.

Note on Python 3 : if you are using python3 then you need to install python3-dev using the following command :

sudo apt-get install python3-dev# debian / Ubuntu

sudo yum install python3-devel# Red Hat / CentOS

Note about bug of MySQL Connector/C on macOS

See also: https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=86971

Versions of MySQL Connector/C may have incorrect default configuration options that cause compilation errors when mysqlclient-pythonis installed. (As of November 2017, this is known to be true for homebrew's mysql-connector-cand official package)

Modification of mysql_configresolves these issues as follows.

Change

先决条件

您可能需要像这样安装 Python 和 MySQL 开发头文件和库：

sudo apt-get install python-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev# Debian / Ubuntu

sudo yum install python-devel mysql-devel# 红帽 / CentOS

brew install mysql-connector-c# macOS (Homebrew)（目前有bug。见下文）

在 Windows 上，您可以在没有 MySQLConnector/C 或 MSVC 的情况下安装二进制轮。

关于 Python 3 的注意事项：如果您使用的是 python3，则需要使用以下命令安装 python3-dev：

sudo apt-get install python3-dev# debian / Ubuntu

sudo yum install python3-devel# 红帽 / CentOS

关于 macOS 上 MySQL Connector/C 的 bug 的注意事项

另见：https: //bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=86971

MySQL Connector/C 的版本可能有不正确的默认配置选项，在mysqlclient-python安装时会导致编译错误。（截至 2017 年 11 月，众所周知，自制软件mysql-connector-c和官方软件包都是如此）

修改mysql_config解决这些问题如下。

改变

# on macOS, on or about line 112:
# Create options
libs="-L$pkglibdir"
libs="$libs -l "

to

到

# Create options
libs="-L$pkglibdir"
libs="$libs -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto"

An improper ssl configuration may also create issues; see, e.g, brew info opensslfor details on macOS.

Install from PyPI

pip install mysqlclient

NOTE: Wheels for Windows may be not released with source package. You should pin version in your requirements.txtto avoid trying to install newest source package.

Install from source

1. Download source by git cloneor zipfile.
2. Customize site.cfg
3. python setup.py install

不正确的 ssl 配置也可能会产生问题；参见，例如，brew info openssl有关 macOS 的详细信息。

从 PyPI 安装

pip install mysqlclient

注意：Windows 的 Wheels 可能不随源包一起发布。您应该在您的版本中固定版本requirements.txt以避免尝试安装最新的源包。

从源安装

1. 通过git clone或zipfile下载源代码。
2. 定制 site.cfg
3. python setup.py install

回答by user2317231

Use the below command to solve your issue,

使用以下命令来解决您的问题，

pip install mysql-python
apt-get install python3-mysqldb libmysqlclient-dev python-dev

Works on Debian

适用于 Debian

回答by Md Humayun Kabir

For pip

对于点

pip install pymysql

For pip3 you should use

对于 pip3，您应该使用

python3 -m pip install PyMySQL

Then, edit the init.py file in your project origin directory (the same as settings.py). Add:

然后，编辑项目原始目录中的 init.py 文件（与 settings.py 相同）。添加：

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

回答by Bandham Manikanta

Installing mysqlclientusing anacondais pretty simple and straight forward.

安装mysqlclientusinganaconda很漂亮simple and straight forward。

conda install -c bioconda mysqlclient

and then, install pymysqlusing pip.

然后，pymysql使用pip安装。

pip install pymysql

happy learning..

快乐学习。。

回答by Dat TT

For MAC os user:

对于 MAC os 用户：

I have faced this issue many times. The key here is to set these environment variables before installing mysqlclient by pip command. For my case, they are like below:

我多次遇到过这个问题。这里的关键是在通过pip命令安装mysqlclient之前设置这些环境变量。就我而言，它们如下所示：

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/lib"

export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/include"

导出 LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/lib"

导出 CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/include"

回答by CodeBiker

I simply needed to update my project's dependencies and then restart the server.

我只需要更新我的项目的依赖项，然后重新启动服务器。

回答by Xoadra

I had this issue just recently even with using the python 3 compatible mysqlclientlibrary and managed to solve my issue albeit in a bit of an unorthodox manner. If you are using MySQL 8, give this a try and see if it helps! :)

即使使用 python 3 兼容mysqlclient库，我最近也遇到了这个问题，并设法解决了我的问题，尽管以一种非正统的方式解决了这个问题。如果您使用的是 MySQL 8，请尝试一下，看看它是否有帮助！:)

I simply made a copy of the libmysqlclient.21.dylibfile located in my up-to-date installation of MySQL 8.0.13 which is was in /usr/local/mysql/liband moved that copy under the same name to /usr/lib.

我只是复制了libmysqlclient.21.dylib位于我最新安装的 MySQL 8.0.13中的文件的副本，/usr/local/mysql/lib并将该副本以相同的名称移动到/usr/lib.

You will need to temporarily disable security integrity protection on your mac however to do this since you won't have or be able to change permissions to anything in /usr/libwithout disabling it. You can do this by booting up into the recovery system, click Utilities on the menu at the top, and open up the terminal and enter csrutil disableinto the terminal. Just remember to turn security integrity protection back on when you're done doing this! The only difference from the above process will be that you run csrutil enableinstead.

您需要暂时禁用 mac 上的安全完整性保护，但是要这样做，因为/usr/lib如果不禁用它，您将无法或无法更改对任何内容的权限。您可以通过启动进入恢复系统来执行此操作，单击顶部菜单上的实用程序，然后打开终端并进入csrutil disable终端。请记住在完成此操作后重新打开安全完整性保护！与上述过程的唯一区别是您运行csrutil enable。

You can find out more about how to disable and enable macOS's security integrity protection here.

您可以在此处找到有关如何禁用和启用 macOS 的安全完整性保护的更多信息。

回答by nguy?n ng?c tú

edit the init.py file in your project origin directory

编辑项目原始目录中的 init.py 文件

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()