node.js process.cwd() 与 __dirname 之间有什么区别？
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What's the difference between process.cwd() vs __dirname?
提问by helpermethod
What's the difference between
有什么区别
console.log(process.cwd())
and
和
console.log(__dirname);
I've seen both used in similar contexts.
我见过两者都在类似的情况下使用。
回答by Raynos
process.cwd()returns the current working directory,
process.cwd()返回当前工作目录，
i.e. the directory from which you invoked the nodecommand.
即您从中调用node命令的目录。
__dirnamereturns the directory name of the directory containing the JavaScript source code file
__dirname返回包含 JavaScript 源代码文件的目录的目录名
回答by samuelj90
As per node js docprocess.cwd()
根据节点js文档process.cwd()
cwdis a method of global object process, returns a string value which is the current working directory of the Node.js process.
cwd是一个全局对象的方法process，返回一个字符串值，它是 Node.js 进程的当前工作目录。
As per node js doc__dirname
根据节点js文档__dirname
The directory name of current script as a string value. __dirname is not actually a global but rather local to each module.
当前脚本的目录名称作为字符串值。__dirname 实际上不是全局的，而是每个模块的局部变量。
Let me explain with example,
让我用例子来解释，
suppose we have a main.jsfile resides inside C:/Project/main.jsand running node main.jsboth these values return same file
假设我们有一个main.js文件驻留在里面C:/Project/main.js并运行node main.js这两个值返回相同的文件
or simply with following folder structure
或者简单地使用以下文件夹结构
Project
├── main.js
└──lib
└── script.js
main.js
主文件
console.log(process.cwd())
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname)
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname===process.cwd())
// true
suppose we have another file script.jsfiles inside a sub directory of project ie C:/Project/lib/script.jsand running node main.jswhich require script.js
假设我们script.js在项目 ie 的子目录中有另一个文件文件C:/Project/lib/script.js并且正在运行node main.js它需要script.js
main.js
主文件
require('./lib/script.js')
console.log(process.cwd())
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname)
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname===process.cwd())
// true
script.js
脚本.js
console.log(process.cwd())
// C:\Project
console.log(__dirname)
// C:\Project\lib
console.log(__dirname===process.cwd())
// false
回答by themefield
Knowing the scopeof each can make things easier to remember.
了解每个的范围可以使事情更容易记住。
processis node's global object, and .cwd()returns where node is running.
processisnode的全局对象，并.cwd()返回节点运行的位置。
__dirnameis module's property, and represents the file path of the module. In node, one module resides in one file.
__dirnameismodule的属性，表示模块的文件路径。在节点中，一个模块驻留在一个文件中。
Similarly, __filenameis another module's property, which holds the file name of the module.
同样，__filename是 anothermodule的属性，它保存模块的文件名。
回答by user1412192
$ find proj
$ find proj
proj
proj/src
proj/src/index.js
$ cat proj/src/index.js
$ cat proj/src/index.js
console.log("process.cwd() = " + process.cwd());
console.log("__dirname = " + __dirname);
$ cd proj; node src/index.js
$ cd proj; node src/index.js
process.cwd() = /tmp/proj
__dirname = /tmp/proj/src
