Linux 如何在 find 中排除目录。命令
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How to exclude a directory in find . command
提问by helion3
I'm trying to run a findcommand for all JavaScript files, but how do I exclude a specific directory?
我正在尝试find为所有 JavaScript 文件运行一个命令，但如何排除特定目录？
Here is the findcode we're using.
这是find我们正在使用的代码。
for file in $(find . -name '*.js')
do
java -jar config/yuicompressor-2.4.2.jar --type js $file -o $file
done
采纳答案by f10bit
Use the -pruneswitch. For example, if you want to exclude the miscdirectory just add a -path ./misc -prune -oto your find command:
使用-prune开关。例如，如果要排除misc目录，只需-path ./misc -prune -o在 find 命令中添加一个：
find . -path ./misc -prune -o -name '*.txt' -print
Here is an example with multiple directories:
这是一个包含多个目录的示例：
find . -type d \( -path dir1 -o -path dir2 -o -path dir3 \) -prune -o -print
Here we exclude dir1, dir2and dir3, since in findexpressions it is an action that acts on the criteria -path dir1 -o -path dir2 -o -path dir3(if dir1or dir2or dir3), ANDed with type -d.
这里我们排除了dir1、dir2和dir3，因为在find表达式中，它是一个作用于条件的动作-path dir1 -o -path dir2 -o -path dir3（如果dir1或dir2或dir3），与type -d.
Further action is -o print, just print.
进一步的操作是-o print，只需打印。
回答by The Archetypal Paul
find . -name '*.js' -\! -name 'glob-for-excluded-dir' -prune
回答by Joshua
One option would be to exclude all results that contain the directory name with grep. For example:
一种选择是使用 grep 排除所有包含目录名称的结果。例如：
find . -name '*.js' | grep -v excludeddir
回答by Drew Frezell
Use the -prune option. So, something like:
使用 -prune 选项。所以，像这样：
find . -type d -name proc -prune -o -name '*.js'
The '-type d -name proc -prune' only look for directories named proc to exclude.
The '-o' is an 'OR' operator.
'-type d -name proc -prune' 只查找要排除的名为 proc 的目录。
'-o' 是一个 'OR' 运算符。
回答by mpapis
I prefer the -notnotation ... it's more readable:
我更喜欢这种-not符号......它更具可读性：
find . -name '*.js' -and -not -path directory
回答by GetFree
If -prunedoesn't work for you, this will:
如果-prune不适合你，这将：
find -name "*.js" -not -path "./directory/*"
Caveat:requires traversing all of the unwanted directories.
警告：需要遍历所有不需要的目录。
回答by Daniel C. Sobral
I find the following easier to reason about than other proposed solutions:
我发现以下比其他建议的解决方案更容易推理：
find build -not \( -path build/external -prune \) -name \*.js
# you can also exclude multiple paths
find build -not \( -path build/external -prune \) -not \( -path build/blog -prune \) -name \*.js
Important Note:the paths you type after -pathmust exactly match what findwould print without the exclusion. If this sentence confuses you just make sure to use full paths through out the wholecommand like this: find /full/path/-not \( -path /full/path/exclude/this-prune \) .... See note [1] if you'd like a better understanding.
重要说明：您键入的路径-path必须与find没有排除项的打印内容完全匹配。如果这句话迷惑你只要确保通过了使用完整路径整个这样的命令：。如果您想更好地理解，请参阅注释 [1]。find /full/path/-not \( -path /full/path/exclude/this-prune \) ...
Inside \(and \)is an expression that will match exactlybuild/external(see important note above), and will, on success, avoid traversing anything below. This is then grouped as a single expression with the escaped parenthesis, and prefixed with -notwhich will make findskip anything that was matched by that expression.
里面\(and\)是一个将完全匹配的表达式build/external（请参阅上面的重要说明），并且在成功时将避免遍历下面的任何内容。然后将其分组为带有转义括号的单个表达式，并以-notwhich为前缀，将find跳过与该表达式匹配的任何内容。
One might ask if adding -notwill not make all other files hidden by -prunereappear, and the answer is no. The way -pruneworks is that anything that, once it is reached, the files below that directory are permanently ignored.
有人可能会问，添加-not会不会使所有其他隐藏的文件-prune重新出现，答案是否定的。-prune工作方式是，一旦到达，该目录下的文件将被永久忽略。
This comes from an actual use case, where I needed to call yui-compressor on some files generated by wintersmith, but leave out other files that need to be sent as-is.
这来自一个实际用例，我需要在 Wintersmith 生成的某些文件上调用 yui-compressor，但忽略了需要按原样发送的其他文件。
Note [1]: If you want to exclude /tmp/foo/barand you run find like this "find /tmp \(..." then you must specify -path /tmp/foo/bar. If on the other hand you run find like this cd /tmp; find . \(...then you must specify -path ./foo/bar.
注意 [1]：如果要排除/tmp/foo/bar并像这样运行 find ，find /tmp \(...则必须指定-path /tmp/foo/bar. 另一方面，如果您像这样运行 find ，cd /tmp; find . \(...那么您必须指定-path ./foo/bar.
回答by Lemmings19
I was using findto provide a list of files for xgettext, and wanted to omit a specific directory and its contents. I tried many permutations of -pathcombined with -prunebut was unable to fully exclude the directory which I wanted gone.
我曾经find为 提供文件列表xgettext，并希望省略特定目录及其内容。我尝试了许多-path组合的排列，-prune但无法完全排除我想要的目录。
Although I was able to ignore the contentsof the directory which I wanted ignored, findthen returned the directory itself as one of the results, which caused xgettextto crash as a result (doesn't accept directories; only files).
虽然我能够忽略我想要忽略的目录的内容，find然后将目录本身作为结果之一返回，结果导致xgettext崩溃（不接受目录；仅文件）。
My solution was to simply use grep -vto skip the directory that I didn't want in the results:
我的解决方案是简单地使用grep -v跳过结果中我不想要的目录：
find /project/directory -iname '*.php' -or -iname '*.phtml' | grep -iv '/some/directory' | xargs xgettext
Whether or not there is an argument for findthat will work 100%, I cannot say for certain. Using grepwas a quick and easy solution after some headache.
是否有一个论点可以find100% 奏效，我不能肯定地说。grep经过一些头痛，使用是一种快速简便的解决方案。
回答by sixro
回答by james dupin
For a working solution (tested on Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin))...
对于工作解决方案（在 Ubuntu 12.04（精确穿山甲）上测试）...
find ! -path "dir1" -iname "*.mp3"
will search for MP3 files in the current folder and subfolders except in dir1 subfolder.
将在当前文件夹和子文件夹中搜索 MP3 文件，除了 dir1 子文件夹。
Use:
用：
find ! -path "dir1" ! -path "dir2" -iname "*.mp3"
...to exclude dir1 AND dir2
...排除 dir1 AND dir2
