bash 在 shell 脚本中将脚本目录更改为用户的 homedir
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Change script directory to user's homedir in a shell script
提问by Sergey Golovchenko
In my bash script I need to change current dir to user's home directory.
在我的 bash 脚本中，我需要将当前目录更改为用户的主目录。
if I want to change to user's foohome dir, from the command line I can do:
如果我想更改为用户的foo主目录，我可以从命令行执行以下操作：
cd ~foo
Which works fine, however when I do the same from the scriptit tells me:
哪个工作正常，但是当我从脚本中执行相同操作时，它告诉我：
./bar.sh: line 4: cd: ~foo: No such file or directory
Seams like it would be such a trivial thing, but it's not working. What's the problem here? Do I need to escape the "~" or perhaps missing quotes or something else?
接缝就像是一件微不足道的事情，但它不起作用。这里有什么问题？我是否需要转义“〜”或可能缺少引号或其他东西？
Edit
编辑
when I say userI don't mean currentuser that runs the script, but in general any otheruser on the system
当我说用户时，我不是指运行脚本的当前用户，而是指系统上的任何其他用户
Edit
编辑
Here is the script:
这是脚本：
#!/bin/bash
user="foo"
cd ~$user
if username is hardcoded like
如果用户名是硬编码的
cd ~foo
it works, but if it is in the uservariable then it doesn't. What am I missing here?
它有效，但如果它在用户变量中，则它不会。我在这里错过了什么？
回答by Johannes Weiss
What about
关于什么
cd $(getent passwd foo | cut -d: -f6)
and
和
USER=foo
eval cd ~$USER
works, too (foo is the username)
也有效（foo 是用户名）
回答by Sean Bright
Change it to:
将其更改为：
cd $HOME
Actually, I'm not sure why cd ~whateverwouldn't work. I've just tested with a small script and it worked fine:
实际上，我不确定为什么cd ~whatever不起作用。我刚刚用一个小脚本进行了测试，它运行良好：
#!/bin/bash
cd ~sbright
I actually get the same error message that you do when the specified user does not exist on the system. Are you sure (and yes, I know this is one of those is-it-plugged-in questions) that the user exists and has a valid home directory specified?
当指定的用户在系统上不存在时，我实际上收到了与您相同的错误消息。您确定（并且是的，我知道这是插入的问题之一）用户存在并指定了有效的主目录吗？
Edit:
编辑：
Now that I see what you are actually doing... tilde expansion happens before variable interpolation, which is why you are getting this error.
现在我看到了您实际在做什么...波浪号扩展发生在变量插值之前，这就是您收到此错误的原因。
回答by Mick T
Is the script going to be run by the user? If it is you can just do:
cd ~
脚本是否将由用户运行？如果是，你可以这样做：
cd ~
回答by JSB????
Is there some reason you can't do:
有什么原因你不能这样做：
#!/bin/bash
cd /home/$USER
Of course directories aren't in /home on all *nixes, but assuming you know what OS/distro your script is targeted for, you should be able to come up with something that works well enough.
当然，目录并不在所有 *nix 上的 /home 中，但假设您知道脚本的目标操作系统/发行版，您应该能够想出一些运行良好的东西。
