Python 在 matplotlib 中更改绘图的轴、刻度和标签的颜色
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Changing the color of the axis, ticks and labels for a plot in matplotlib
提问by Richard Durr
I'd like to Change the color of the axis, as well as ticks and value-labels for a plot I did using matplotlib an PyQt.
我想更改轴的颜色，以及我使用 matplotlib 和 PyQt 所做的绘图的刻度和值标签。
Any ideas?
有任何想法吗？
采纳答案by Joe Kington
As a quick example (using a slightly cleaner method than the potentially duplicate question):
作为一个简单的例子（使用比可能重复的问题更简洁的方法）：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(range(10))
ax.set_xlabel('X-axis')
ax.set_ylabel('Y-axis')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('red')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('red')
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('red')
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors='red')
plt.show()
回答by joelostblom
If you have several figures or subplots that you want to modify, it can be helpful to use the matplotlib context managerto change the color, instead of changing each one individually. The context manager allows you to temporarily change the rc parameters only for the immediately following indented code, but does not affect the global rc parameters.
如果您有多个要修改的图形或子图，使用matplotlib 上下文管理器更改颜色会很有帮助，而不是单独更改每个。上下文管理器仅允许您临时更改紧随其后的缩进代码的 rc 参数，但不会影响全局 rc 参数。
This snippet yields two figures, the first one with modified colors for the axis, ticks and ticklabels, and the second one with the default rc parameters.
此代码段生成两个图形，第一个图形修改了轴、刻度和刻度标签的颜色，第二个图形具有默认的 rc 参数。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
with plt.rc_context({'axes.edgecolor':'orange', 'xtick.color':'red', 'ytick.color':'green', 'figure.facecolor':'white'}):
# Temporary rc parameters in effect
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1,2)
ax1.plot(range(10))
ax2.plot(range(10))
# Back to default rc parameters
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(range(10))
You can type plt.rcParamsto view all available rc parameters, and use list comprehension to search for keywords:
您可以键入plt.rcParams以查看所有可用的 rc 参数，并使用列表理解来搜索关键字：
# Search for all parameters containing the word 'color'
[(param, value) for param, value in plt.rcParams.items() if 'color' in param]
回答by cosmos
motivated by previous contributors, this is an example of three axes.
受先前贡献者的启发，这是三个轴的示例。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_values1=[1,2,3,4,5]
y_values1=[1,2,2,4,1]
x_values2=[-1000,-800,-600,-400,-200]
y_values2=[10,20,39,40,50]
x_values3=[150,200,250,300,350]
y_values3=[-10,-20,-30,-40,-50]
fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(111, label="1")
ax2=fig.add_subplot(111, label="2", frame_on=False)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(111, label="3", frame_on=False)
ax.plot(x_values1, y_values1, color="C0")
ax.set_xlabel("x label 1", color="C0")
ax.set_ylabel("y label 1", color="C0")
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors="C0")
ax.tick_params(axis='y', colors="C0")
ax2.scatter(x_values2, y_values2, color="C1")
ax2.set_xlabel('x label 2', color="C1")
ax2.xaxis.set_label_position('bottom') # set the position of the second x-axis to bottom
ax2.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward', 36))
ax2.tick_params(axis='x', colors="C1")
ax2.set_ylabel('y label 2', color="C1")
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
ax2.yaxis.set_label_position('right')
ax2.tick_params(axis='y', colors="C1")
ax3.plot(x_values3, y_values3, color="C2")
ax3.set_xlabel('x label 3', color='C2')
ax3.xaxis.set_label_position('bottom')
ax3.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward', 72))
ax3.tick_params(axis='x', colors='C2')
ax3.set_ylabel('y label 3', color='C2')
ax3.yaxis.tick_right()
ax3.yaxis.set_label_position('right')
ax3.spines['right'].set_position(('outward', 36))
ax3.tick_params(axis='y', colors='C2')
plt.show()
