Ruby 多字符串替换
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Ruby multiple string replacement
提问by Sayuj
str = "Hello? World?"
Expected output is:
预期输出为：
"Hello:) World:("
I can do this: str.gsub("?", ":)").gsub("?", ":(")
我可以做这个： str.gsub("?", ":)").gsub("?", ":(")
Is there any other way so that I can do this in a single function call?. Something like:
有没有其他方法可以让我在单个函数调用中做到这一点？就像是：
str.gsub(['s1', 's2'], ['r1', 'r2'])
回答by Naren Sisodiya
Since Ruby 1.9.2, String#gsubaccepts hash as a second parameter for replacement with matched keys. You can use a regular expression to match the substring that needs to be replaced and pass hash for values to be replaced.
从 Ruby 1.9.2 开始，String#gsub接受哈希作为第二个参数以替换匹配的键。您可以使用正则表达式来匹配需要替换的子字符串，并为要替换的值传递哈希值。
Like this:
像这样：
'hello'.gsub(/[eo]/, 'e' => 3, 'o' => '*') #=> "h3ll*"
'(0) 123-123.123'.gsub(/[()-,. ]/, '') #=> "0123123123"
In Ruby 1.8.7, you would achieve the same with a block:
在 Ruby 1.8.7 中，您可以使用块实现相同的效果：
dict = { 'e' => 3, 'o' => '*' }
'hello'.gsub /[eo]/ do |match|
dict[match.to_s]
end #=> "h3ll*"
回答by mu is too short
Set up a mapping table:
建立映射表：
map = {'?' => ':)', '?' => ':(' }
Then build a regex:
然后构建一个正则表达式：
re = Regexp.new(map.keys.map { |x| Regexp.escape(x) }.join('|'))
And finally, gsub:
最后，gsub：
s = str.gsub(re, map)
If you're stuck in 1.8 land, then:
如果你被困在 1.8 土地，那么：
s = str.gsub(re) { |m| map[m] }
You need the Regexp.escapein there in case anything you want to replace has a special meaning within a regex. Or, thanks to steenslag, you could use:
如果Regexp.escape您要替换的任何内容在正则表达式中具有特殊含义，则需要在那里。或者，感谢 steenslag，您可以使用：
re = Regexp.union(map.keys)
and the quoting will be take care of for you.
和报价会照顾你。
回答by Nathan Manousos
You could do something like this:
你可以这样做：
replacements = [ ["?", ":)"], ["?", ":("] ]
replacements.each {|replacement| str.gsub!(replacement[0], replacement[1])}
There may be a more efficient solution, but this at least makes the code a bit cleaner
可能有更有效的解决方案，但这至少使代码更清晰
回答by lsaffie
Late to the party but if you wanted to replace certain chars with one, you could use a regex
迟到了，但如果你想用一个替换某些字符，你可以使用正则表达式
string_to_replace.gsub(/_|,| /, '-')
In this example, gsub is replacing underscores(_), commas (,) or ( ) with a dash (-)
在此示例中，gsub 将下划线 (_)、逗号 (,) 或 () 替换为破折号 (-)
回答by YasirAzgar
You can also use tr to replace multiple characters in a string at once,
您还可以使用 tr 一次替换字符串中的多个字符，
Eg., replace "h" to "m" and "l" to "t"
例如，将“h”替换为“m”，将“l”替换为“t”
"hello".tr("hl", "mt")
=> "metto"
looks simple, neat and faster (not much difference though) than gsub
看起来比 gsub 简单、整洁、速度更快（虽然没有太大区别）
puts Benchmark.measure {"hello".tr("hl", "mt") }
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000007)
puts Benchmark.measure{"hello".gsub(/[hl]/, 'h' => 'm', 'l' => 't') }
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000021)
回答by Diego Dorado
Another simple way, and yet easy to read is the following:
另一种简单但易于阅读的方法如下：
str = '12 ene 2013'
map = {'ene' => 'jan', 'abr'=>'apr', 'dic'=>'dec'}
map.each {|k,v| str.sub!(k,v)}
puts str # '12 jan 2013'
回答by gitb
Riffing on naren's answer above, I'd go with
对上面 naren 的回答嗤之以鼻，我会去
tr = {'a' => '1', 'b' => '2', 'z' => '26'}
mystring.gsub(/[#{tr.keys}]/, tr)
So
'zebraazzeebra'.gsub(/[#{tr.keys}]/, tr)returns
"26e2r112626ee2r1"
所以
'zebraazzeebra'.gsub(/[#{tr.keys}]/, tr)返回
“26e2r112626ee2r1”
