bash 构建包含空格的参数列表
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build argument lists containing whitespace
提问by tarsius
In bash one can escape arguments that contain whitespace.
在 bash 中，可以转义包含空格的参数。
foo "a string"
This also works for arguments to a command or function:
这也适用于命令或函数的参数：
bar() {
foo "$@"
}
bar "a string"
So far so good, but what if I want to manipulate the arguments before calling foo?
到目前为止一切顺利，但是如果我想在调用之前操作参数foo怎么办？
This does not work:
这不起作用：
bar() {
for arg in "$@"
do
args="$args \"prefix $arg\""
done
# Everything looks good ...
echo $args
# ... but it isn't.
foo $args
# foo "$args" would just be silly
}
bar a b c
So how do you build argument lists when the arguments contain whitespace?
那么当参数包含空格时如何构建参数列表呢？
回答by tarsius
There are (at least) two ways to do this:
有（至少）两种方法可以做到这一点：
Use an array and expand it using
"${array[@]}":bar() { local i=0 args=() for arg in "$@" do args[$i]="prefix $arg" ((++i)) done foo "${args[@]}" }So, what have we learned?
"${array[@]}"is to${array[*]}what"$@"is to$*.Or if you do not want to use arrays you need to use
eval:bar() { local args=() for arg in "$@" do args="$args \"prefix $arg\"" done eval foo $args }
使用数组并使用
"${array[@]}"以下方法展开它：bar() { local i=0 args=() for arg in "$@" do args[$i]="prefix $arg" ((++i)) done foo "${args[@]}" }所以我们学了什么？
"${array[@]}"是${array[*]}什么"$@"是什么$*。或者，如果您不想使用数组，则需要使用
eval：bar() { local args=() for arg in "$@" do args="$args \"prefix $arg\"" done eval foo $args }
回答by Jaen
Here is a shorter version which does not require the use of a numeric index:
这是一个不需要使用数字索引的较短版本：
(example: building arguments to a findcommand)
（例如：为find命令构建参数）
dir=
shift
for f in "$@" ; do
args+=(-iname "*$f*")
done
find "$dir" "${args[@]}"
回答by JesperE
Use arrays(one of the hidden featuresin Bash).
回答by jpalecek
You can use the arrays just as you suggest, with a small detail changed. The line calling foo should read
您可以按照您的建议使用数组，只是更改了一个小细节。调用 foo 的行应为
foo "${args[@]}"
回答by TJ L
I had a problem with this too as well. I was writing a bash script to backup the important files on my windows computer (cygwin). I tried the array approach too, and still had some issues. Not sure exactly how I fixed it, but here's the parts of my code that are important in case it will help you.
我也有这个问题。我正在编写一个 bash 脚本来备份我的 Windows 计算机（cygwin）上的重要文件。我也尝试了数组方法，但仍然存在一些问题。不确定我是如何修复它的，但这是我的代码中很重要的部分，以防它对您有所帮助。
WORK="d:\Work Documents\*"
# prompt and 7zip each file
for x in $SVN $WEB1 $WEB2 "$WORK" $GRAPHICS $W_SQL
do
echo "Add $x to archive? (y/n)"
read DO
if [ "$DO" == "y" ]; then
echo "compressing $x"
7zip a $W_OUTPUT "$x"
fi
echo ""
done
