MySQL Docker，如何在图像中运行 .sql 文件？
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Docker, how to run .sql file in an image?
提问by Fran Martinez
It's my first time working with Docker an I am not sure if I am doing things well.
这是我第一次使用 Docker，我不确定我是否做得很好。
I have a rails applications that depends on a Mysqldatabase, so I've configured the docker-compose.ymlfile like this:
我有一个依赖于Mysql数据库的 rails 应用程序，所以我配置了docker-compose.yml这样的文件：
db:
image: library/mysql:5.6
environment:
MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD: "yes"
expose:
- "3306"
ports:
- "3306:3306"
rails-app:
build: .
dockerfile: Dockerfile
environment:
RAILS_ENV: development
links:
- db
volumes:
- ".:/home/app"
volumes_from:
- bundle
... omitted lines ...
Then, if I run the following:
然后，如果我运行以下命令：
$ docker-compose run db mysql --host=$DOCKER_LOCALHOST --port=3306 --protocol=tcp -u root < shared/create_common_tables.sql
I get this error:
我收到此错误：
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.99.100' (111)
This sounds normal, because I suspect that I have to buildbefore some container that links to db.
这听起来很正常，因为我怀疑我必须build在链接到db.
I know this because if I run this in this order:
我知道这一点，因为如果我按以下顺序运行：
$ docker-compose build rails-app
$ docker-compose run -e RAILS_ENV=development rails-app bundle
$ docker-compose run -e RAILS_ENV=development rails-app bundle exec rake db:create
$ docker-compose run db mysql --host=$DOCKER_LOCALHOST --port=3306 --protocol=tcp -u root < shared/create_common_tables.sql
It works fine.
它工作正常。
But, how can I do to execute this sql before creating any container?
但是，如何在创建任何容器之前执行此 sql？
采纳答案by dnephin
You can load the sql file during the buildphase of the image. To do this you create a Dockerfilefor the dbservice that will look something like this:
可以build在镜像阶段加载sql文件。为此，您Dockerfile为db服务创建了一个看起来像这样的：
FROM mysql:5.6
COPY setup.sh /mysql/setup.sh
COPY setup.sql /mysql/setup.sql
RUN /mysql/setup.sh
where setup.shlooks something like this:
哪里setup.sh看起来像这样：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
service mysql start
mysql < /mysql/setup.sql
service mysql stop
And in your docker-compose.ymlyou'd change imageto build: ./dbor the path where you put your files.
在您的文件中，docker-compose.yml您将更image改为build: ./db或 放置文件的路径。
Now this works if you have all your sql in a raw .sqlfile, but this wont be the case if you're using rails or a similar framework where the sql is actually stored in code. This leaves you with two options.
现在，如果您将所有 sql 都放在一个原始.sql文件中，这将起作用，但如果您使用的是 Rails 或类似的框架，其中 sql 实际存储在代码中，则情况并非如此。这给您留下了两个选择。
Instead of using
FROM mysql:5.6you can useFROM your_app_image_that_has_the_code_in_itandapt-get install mysql .... This leaves you with a larger image that contains both mysql and your app, allowing you to run the ruby commands above. You'd replace themysql < /mysql/setup/sqlwith therails-app bundle exec rake db:createlines. You'd also have to provide an app config that hits a database onlocalhost:3306instead ofdb:3306My preferred option is to create a script which exports the sql into a
.sqlfile, which you can then use to build your database container. This is a bit more work, but is a lot nicer. It means that instead of runningrails-app bundle exec rake db:createyou'd just run the script to load a db.
FROM mysql:5.6您可以使用FROM your_app_image_that_has_the_code_in_itand代替使用apt-get install mysql ...。这将为您留下一个更大的图像，其中包含 mysql 和您的应用程序，允许您运行上面的 ruby 命令。你会更换mysql < /mysql/setup/sql与rails-app bundle exec rake db:create线条。您还必须提供一个应用程序配置来访问数据库localhost:3306而不是db:3306我的首选选项是创建一个脚本，将 sql 导出到一个
.sql文件中，然后您可以使用该文件来构建您的数据库容器。这是一个多一点的工作，但好多了。这意味着rails-app bundle exec rake db:create您只需运行脚本来加载数据库，而不是运行。
Such a script would look something like this:
这样的脚本看起来像这样：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
docker-compose build rails-app
docker run -d --name mysql_empty mysql:5.6
docker run --link mysql_empty:db -v $PWD:/output project_rails-app export.sh
where export.shlooks something like this:
哪里export.sh看起来像这样：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
RAILS_ENV=development
rails-app bundle exec rake db:create
mysqldump > /output/setup.sql
You could also replace the docker runscript with a second compose file if you wanted to.
如果需要，您还可以docker run用第二个撰写文件替换脚本。
