带有回显的用户的 Python 提示和没有回显的密码
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Python prompt for user with echo and password without echo
提问by hyde
Following code prompts for user and password, when run in console:
在控制台中运行时，以下代码提示输入用户和密码：
import getpass
user = getpass.getpass("Username:")
passwd = getpass.getpass("Password for " + user + ":")
print "Got", user, passwd
The obvious problem with above is, user name is not echoed as it is typed.
上面的明显问题是，用户名在键入时没有回显。
Now getpassdocumentationsays "On Unix it defaults to using /dev/tty before falling back to sys.stdin and sys.stderr."
现在getpass文档说“在 Unix 上它默认使用 /dev/tty，然后再回到 sys.stdin 和 sys.stderr。”
Question:How to ask for both username and password, so that they are read from same source, and username is echoed normally, while password is not?
问题：如何同时要求用户名和密码，以便它们从同一来源读取，并且用户名正常回显，而密码不是？
采纳答案by Ken Pronovici
There is another alternative, which I found documented here. Detect whether the input stream is a TTY, and change your input method based on that information.
还有另一种选择，我在此处找到了记录。检测输入流是否为 TTY，并根据该信息更改您的输入法。
I used something like this:
我使用了这样的东西：
#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import getpass
if sys.stdin.isatty():
print "Enter credentials"
username = raw_input("Username: ")
password = getpass.getpass("Password: ")
else:
username = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
password = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
print "Username: [%s], password [%s]" % (username, password)
This works fine from a terminal:
这在终端上工作正常：
bash> ./mytest.py
Enter credentials
Username: one
Password:
Username: [one], password [two]
for piped input:
对于管道输入：
bash> echo "one
> two" | ./mytest.py
Username: [one], password [two]
for input from a file:
对于来自文件的输入：
bash> echo "one" > input
bash> echo "two" >> input
bash> ./mytest.py < input
Username: [one], password [two]
and also for a heredoc:
还有一个heredoc：
bash> ./mytest.py << EOF
> one
> two
> EOF
Username: [one], password [two]
Personally, that covers all of my needs.
就个人而言，这涵盖了我的所有需求。
回答by falsetru
回答by Ernst
try this:
尝试这个：
user = raw_input("Username:")
回答by Ernst
回答by JojOatXGME
It would be possible to use raw_input(inputin Python 3) but as already mentioned in the question, getpassis using /dev/tty before falling back to sys.stdin and sys.stderr. This means that in some situations getpassand raw_inputis using different sources.
可以使用raw_input（input在 Python 3 中），但正如问题中已经提到的，getpass在回退到 sys.stdin 和 sys.stderr 之前使用 /dev/tty。这意味着，在某些情况下getpass，并raw_input使用不同的来源。
On linux, you might see the difference by executing the application with the following command:
在 linux 上，通过使用以下命令执行应用程序，您可能会看到不同之处：
my_app.py < /path/to/some/file
The function raw_inputwould read from the file while getpasswould still use the terminal. Even if it is not documented explicitly, the same is happening on Windows.
该函数raw_input将从文件中读取，同时getpass仍将使用终端。即使没有明确记录，Windows 上也会发生同样的情况。
I have not found a function that is doing something like getpasswithout hiding the input. I think you have to implement it yourself or search for a library which is doing it. You can look at the current implementation of getpassin Python 3and in Python 2.7to get some inspiration.
我还没有找到一个可以在getpass不隐藏输入的情况下执行类似操作的函数。我认为您必须自己实现它或搜索正在执行它的库。您可以查看getpassPython 3和Python 2.7中的当前实现以获得一些灵感。
I wrote an exmaple below. Basically, I used the implementation of Python 3 and removed everything that is related to hiding the input. Then, I made some changes to support Python 2.
我在下面写了一个例子。基本上，我使用了 Python 3 的实现并删除了与隐藏输入相关的所有内容。然后，我进行了一些更改以支持 Python 2。
def _raw_input(prompt, fin, fout):
if prompt:
try:
fout.write(prompt)
except UnicodeEncodeError:
# Replace characters that are not supported by the terminal
prompt = prompt.encode(fout.encoding, 'replace')
prompt = prompt.decode(fout.encoding)
fout.write(prompt)
fout.flush()
line = fin.readline()
return line[:-1] if line[-1] == '\n' else line
def _ttyinput_unix(prompt):
try:
fd = os.open("/dev/tty", os.O_RDWR, os.O_NOCTTY)
if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
with os.fdopen(fd, 'w+', 1) as tty:
return _raw_input(prompt, tty, tty)
with io.FileIO(fd, 'w+') as tty:
with io.TextIOWrapper(tty) as wrapper:
return _raw_input(prompt, wrapper, wrapper)
except (OSError, AttributeError) as e:
return _raw_input(prompt, sys.stdin, sys.stderr)
def _ttyinput_win(prompt):
if sys.stdin is not sys.__stdin__:
# I don't know why getpass is doing this.
return _raw_input(prompt, sys.stdin, sys.stderr)
if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
getch = msvcrt.getwch
putch = msvcrt.putwch
else:
getch = msvcrt.getch
putch = msvcrt.putch
for c in prompt:
putch(c)
password = ""
while True:
c = getch()
if c == '\r' or c == '\n':
break
if c == '##代码##3':
raise KeyboardInterrupt
if c == '\b':
if len(password) > 0:
password = password[:-1]
for x in "\b \b":
putch(x)
else:
password += c
putch(c)
putch('\r')
putch('\n')
return password
try:
import msvcrt
ttyinput = _ttyinput_win
except ImportError:
ttyinput = _ttyinput_unix
I tested my implementation with Python 2.7 on Windows and with Python 2.7 and 3.5 on Arch Linux.
我在 Windows 上使用 Python 2.7 以及在 Arch Linux 上使用 Python 2.7 和 3.5 测试了我的实现。
