Linux 如何使用 sed 更改我的配置文件，具有灵活的键和值？
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5955548/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
How do I use sed to change my configuration files, with flexible keys and values?
提问by prolink007
I want to search a configuration file for this expression: "central.database". I then want to change the setting associated with "central.database" to "SQLTEST".
我想搜索这个表达式的配置文件：“central.database”。然后我想将与“central.database”关联的设置更改为“SQLTEST”。
The layout of the config file would look like this initially:
配置文件的布局最初如下所示：
central.database = SQLFIRSTTEST
This is what i want it to look like after the sed replacement:
这就是我希望它在 sed 替换后的样子：
central.database = SQLTEST
I am doing this in a bash script, any suggestions, recommendations or alternative solutions are welcome!
我在 bash 脚本中执行此操作，欢迎提供任何建议、建议或替代解决方案！
(Actually both central.databaseand SQLTESTcome from bash variables here.)
（实际上，这两个central.database和SQLTEST来自bash的变量在这里。）
My current code (third attempt):
我当前的代码（第三次尝试）：
sshRetValue=$(ssh -p "35903" -i $HOME/sshids/idrsa-1.old <<EOF
sed -i "s/^\($CENTRAL_DB_NAME\s*=\s*\).*$/$CENTRAL_DB_VALUE/" /home/testing.txt;
echo $?
EOF
)
Error message:
错误信息：
Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
sed: -e expression #1, char 58: unknown option to `s'
-bash: line 3: EOF: command not found
采纳答案by sapht
Here's an example expression:
这是一个示例表达式：
sed -i 's/^\(central\.database\s*=\s*\).*$/SQLTEST/' file.cfg
If you want to match stuff with /in it, you can use another delimiter:
如果你想匹配里面的东西/，你可以使用另一个分隔符：
sed -i 's#^\(cent/ral\.data/base\s*=\s*\).*$#SQL/TEST#' file.cfg
Or with variable expansion:
或者使用变量扩展：
VAL="SQLTEST"
sed -i "s/^\(central\.database\s*=\s*\).*$/$VAL/" file.cfg
In your example:
在你的例子中：
sshRetValue=`sed -i "s/^\($CENTRAL_DB_NAME\s*=\s*\).*$/$CENTRAL_DB_VALUE/" /home/testing.txt`;
There's a \1 before $CENTRAL_DB_NAME that's invalid. Also, sed doesn't print it's return value. This is the preferred way to check return values:
$CENTRAL_DB_NAME 之前有一个无效的 \1。此外， sed 不打印它的返回值。这是检查返回值的首选方法：
sed -i "s/^\($CENTRAL_DB_NAME\s*=\s*\).*$/$CENTRAL_DB_VALUE/" /home/testing.txt;
sed_return_value=$?
And ultimately piping to ssh (not tested):
并最终通过管道传输到 ssh（未测试）：
sed_return_value=$(ssh server <<EOF
sed -i "s/^\($CENTRAL_DB_NAME\s*=\s*\).*$/$CENTRAL_DB_VALUE/" /home/testing.txt;
echo $?
EOF
)
The -i is for replacing data in the input file. Otherwise sed writes to stdout.
-i 用于替换输入文件中的数据。否则 sed 写入标准输出。
Regular expressions are a field of their own. It would be impossible to explain them in depth in a stackoverflow answer, unless there is some specific function that's eluding you.
正则表达式是它们自己的领域。在 stackoverflow 答案中不可能对它们进行深入解释，除非有一些特定的功能让你望而却步。
回答by John Kugelman
sed -i -e '/central\.database =/ s/= .*/= new_value/' /path/to/file
Explanation:
解释：
-itells sed to save the results to the input file. Without it sed will print the results to stdout./central\.database =/matches lines that contain the string between slashes:central.database =. The.is escaped since it's a special character in regex.- The
s/OLD/NEW/part performs a substitution. The OLD string is a regular expression to match and theNEWpart is the string to substitute in. - In regular expressions,
.*means "match anything". So= .*matches an equal sign, space, and then anything else afterward.
-i告诉 sed 将结果保存到输入文件中。没有它 sed 会将结果打印到标准输出。/central\.database =/匹配包含斜杠之间字符串的行：central.database =。将.被转义，因为它是在正则表达式特殊字符。- 的
s/OLD/NEW/部分执行一个小号ubstitution。OLD 字符串是要匹配的正则表达式，NEW部分是要替换的字符串。 - 在正则表达式中，
.*表示“匹配任何内容”。So= .*匹配等号、空格，然后匹配其他任何内容。
回答by user5433596
If you want to replace between 2 property files you can use this:
如果要在 2 个属性文件之间替换，可以使用以下命令：
awk -F= 'NR==FNR{A[]=;next} in A{=A[]}1' OFS='\=' /tmp/masterfile /opt/props/finalfile.properties > /tmp/tmp.txt && mv -f /tmp/tmp.txt /opt/props/finalfile.properties
回答by fedorqui 'SO stop harming'
I like using awkfor this, since it is quite easy to understand what it is doing and takes care very well of the separator (=) and also the fact that it must be done to an uncommented line:
我喜欢使用awk它，因为它很容易理解它在做什么，并且很好地处理了分隔符 ( =) 以及它必须对未注释的行进行的事实：
awk -v var="my_var" -v new_val="NEW VALUE" \ # set the vars
'BEGIN{FS=OFS="="} # set separator to =
match(, "^\s*" var "\s*") { # check if it matches
=" " new_val # if so, replace the line
}1' conf_file # print all lines
This uses match()to check if the pattern occurs in any given line. If it does, it performs the replacement with the given value.
这用于match()检查模式是否出现在任何给定的行中。如果是，则使用给定值执行替换。
For example:
例如：
$ cat conf
hello
my_var= SOME VALUE
#my_var = ANOTHER VALUE
bye
Let's change the value in my_varto NEW VALUE:
让我们将值更改my_var为NEW VALUE：
$ awk -v var="my_var" -v new_val="NEW VALUE" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="="}match(, "^\s*" var "\s*") {=" " new_val}1' conf
hello
my_var= NEW VALUE
#my_var = ANOTHER VALUE
bye
It is also possible to set the values in shell variables and then use them with -v:
也可以在 shell 变量中设置值，然后将它们用于-v：
$ var="my_var"
$ new_value="NEW VALUE"
$ awk -v var="$var" -v new_val="$new_value" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="="}match(, "^\s*" var "\s*") {=" " new_val}1' conf
And you can of course put all of this within a shell function that you then call normally:
您当然可以将所有这些放在一个 shell 函数中，然后您可以正常调用该函数：
#!/bin/bash
replace () {
file=
var=
new_value=
awk -v var="$var" -v new_val="$new_value" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="="}match(, "^\s*" var "\s*") {=" " new_val}1' "$file"
}
# Call the replace() function with the necessary parameters
replace "conf" "my_var" "NEW VALUE"
Upon execution, this returns
执行后，这将返回
hello
my_var= NEW VALUE
#my_var = ANOTHER VALUE
bye
While you can also make the script receive the parameters in a way like: ./script.sh "conf_file" "var_to_replace" "NEW VALUE"to then pass them to the function.
虽然您也可以让脚本以如下方式接收参数：./script.sh "conf_file" "var_to_replace" "NEW VALUE"然后将它们传递给函数。
回答by Venkateswara Rao
I used this script for keeping the priorities..
我用这个脚本来保持优先级..
The arguments $1 will have folder in which multiple config files exist. $2 will have properties which need to be replaced in $1 path and sub paths files #3 will have properties which need to be override on top of $2
参数 $1 将包含其中存在多个配置文件的文件夹。$2 将具有需要在 $1 路径和子路径文件中替换的属性 #3 将具有需要在 $2 之上覆盖的属性
It also has hidden logic to check for existence of environment variables for the keys exist in $2 and $3 and give priority to that.
它还有隐藏的逻辑来检查 $2 和 $3 中存在的键的环境变量是否存在并优先考虑。
i.e If a key exist in environment that would be highest priority. Next to that would $3 and next to that would $1 file.
即，如果密钥存在于最高优先级的环境中。旁边是 3 美元，旁边是 1 美元的文件。
#!/bin/bash
#Usage is propertyReplacer <CONFIG_FOLDER_PATH> <CONFIG_FILE_2ND_PRIORITY> <CONFIG_FILE_1ST_PRIORITY>
function propertyReplacer() {
filePathToAct=""
propertiesFilePath=""
propertiesSecureFilePath=""
declare -A keyValues
while IFS='=' read -r key value; do
if [ "$key" == "" ]; then
continue
elif [[ "$key" =~ ^#.*$ ]]; then
continue
else
echo $key " --> " $value
keyValues[$key]=$value
fi
done < "$propertiesFilePath"
if [ ! -f "$propertiesSecureFilePath" ]; then
continue
else
while IFS='=' read -r key value; do
if [ "$key" == "" ]; then
continue
elif [[ "$key" =~ ^#.*$ ]]; then
continue
else
echo $key " --> " $value
keyValues[$key]=$value
fi
done < "$propertiesSecureFilePath"
fi
for key in ${!keyValues[@]}; do
envProp=${key//[@]/}
if [ "$(eval echo '$'$envProp)" == "" ]; then
echo "Environment key not exist" $envProp
else
value=$(eval echo '$'$envProp)
echo "From Environment " $envProp " --> "$value
keyValues[$key]=$value
fi
done
find "$filePathToAct" | while read -r resultFileName; do
if [ ! -f "$resultFileName" ]; then
continue
else
echo "Acting on the file $resultFileName"
for key in ${!keyValues[@]}; do
value=$(echo "${keyValues[${key}]}" | sed 's/\//\\//g')
echo "sed -i 's/$key/$value/g' $resultFileName "
eval "sed -i 's/$key/$value/g' $resultFileName "
done
fi
done
}
回答by Alex Raj Kaliamoorthy
I know it is too late to add an answer to this question however, I thought to share my knowledge to you all. There is a very general approach which I have followed to solve a similar kind of problem. I have deleted the whole line which is matching the string and added the required values to that key. To your question here is the answer
我知道现在为这个问题添加答案为时已晚，但我想与大家分享我的知识。我遵循了一种非常通用的方法来解决类似的问题。我删除了与字符串匹配的整行，并将所需的值添加到该键。你的问题在这里是答案
replaceValue=SQLTEST
sed -i "/central.database =/d" /home/testing.txt
echo "central.database = $replaceValue" >> /home/testing.txt
sed deletes the matching string line from the file and the immediate next line is inserting the required key and value to the file.
sed 从文件中删除匹配的字符串行，紧接着的下一行将所需的键和值插入到文件中。
回答by Theo Orphanos
I have a file called "config.php" and I wanted to change one of its definitions lines.
我有一个名为“config.php”的文件，我想更改其定义行之一。
For example, the line:
例如，该行：
define('SOME_CONSTANT', 'old_value');
had to be replaced with this one:
必须用这个替换：
define('SOME_CONSTANT', 'new_value');
So I did that:
所以我这样做了：
sed -i -e "/.*SOME_CONSTANT*./ s/.*/define('SOME_CONSTANT', 'new_value');/" path/to/config.php
In the first part, I am looking for a line that contains "SOME_CONSTANT" (thus the wildcards)
在第一部分中，我正在寻找包含“SOME_CONSTANT”的行（因此是通配符）
Then I replace that line with a new definition such as: define('SOME_CONSTANT', 'new_value');
然后我用一个新定义替换该行，例如：define('SOME_CONSTANT', 'new_value');
Tested and works fine in Centos 7
在 Centos 7 中测试并正常工作
