bash 使用 Unix find 计算和删除旧文件
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Count and remove old files using Unix find
提问by Prashant Kumar
I want to delete files in $DIR_TO_CLEANolder than $DAYS_TO_SAVEdays. Easy:
我想删除$DIR_TO_CLEAN超过$DAYS_TO_SAVE几天的文件。简单：
find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -mtime +$DAYS_TO_SAVE -exec rm {} \;
I suppose we could add a -type for a -fflag for rm, but I really would like to count the number of files getting deleted.
我想我们可以为，添加一个-type f或一个-f标志rm，但我真的很想计算被删除的文件数量。
We could do this naively:
我们可以天真地这样做：
DELETE_COUNT=`find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -mtime +$DAYS_TO_SAVE | wc -l`
find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -mtime +$DAYS_TO_SAVE -exec rm {} \;
But this solution leaves a lot to be desired. Besides the command duplication, this snippet overestimates the count if rmfailed to delete a file.
但是这个解决方案还有很多不足之处。除了命令重复之外，如果rm未能删除文件，此代码段会高估计数。
I'm decently comfortable with redirection, pipes (including named ones), subshells, xargs, tee, etc, but I am eager to learn new tricks. I would like a solution that works on both bash and ksh.
我对重定向、管道（包括命名管道）、子shell xargs、tee、 等非常满意，但我渴望学习新技巧。我想要一个适用于 bash 和 ksh 的解决方案。
How would you count the number of files deleted by find?
你如何计算被删除的文件数find？
采纳答案by kojiro
You could just use bash within find:
你可以在 find 中使用 bash：
find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -mtime +$DAYS_TO_SAVE -exec bash -c 'printf "Total: %d\n" $#; rm "$@"' _ {} +
Of course this can call bash -c …more than once if the number of files found is larger than MAX_ARGS, and it also can overestimate the count if rm fails. But solving those problems gets messy:
当然bash -c …，如果找到的文件数大于 MAX_ARGS，这可以调用多次，如果 rm 失败，它也可以高估计数。但是解决这些问题会变得一团糟：
find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -mtime +$DAYS_TO_SAVE -exec bash -c 'printf "count=0; for f; do rm "$f" && (( count++ )); done; printf "Total: %d\n" $count' _ {} +
This solution to avoid MAX_ARGS limits avoids find altogether. If you need it to be recursive, you'll have to use recursive globbing, which is only available in newer shells. (globstaris a bash 4 feature.)
这种避免 MAX_ARGS 限制的解决方案完全避免了 find 。如果您需要它是递归的，则必须使用递归通配符，它仅在较新的 shell 中可用。（globstar是 bash 4 功能。）
shopt -s globstar
# Assume DAYS_TO_SAVE reformatted to how touch -m expects it. (Exercise for the reader.)
touch -m "$DAYS_TO_SAVE" referencefile
count=0
for file in "$DIR_TO_CLEAN/"**/*; do
if [[ referencefile -nt "$file" ]]; then
rm "$file" && (( count++ ))
fi
done
printf 'Total: %d\n' "$count"
Here's an approach using find with printf (strictly compliant find doesn't have printf, but you can use printf as a standalone utility in that case).
这是将 find 与 printf 结合使用的一种方法（严格兼容的 find 没有 printf，但在这种情况下您可以将 printf 作为独立实用程序使用）。
find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -type -f -mtime "+$DAYS_TO_SAVE" -exec rm {} \; -printf '.' | wc -c
find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -type -f -mtime "+$DAYS_TO_SAVE" -exec rm {} \; -exec printf '.' \; | wc -c
回答by Thor
I would avoid -execand go for a piped solution:
我会避免-exec并寻求管道解决方案：
find "$DIR_TO_CLEAN" -type f -mtime +$DAYS_TO_SAVE -print0 \
| awk -v RS='find "${DIR_TO_CLEAN?}" -type f -mtime +${DAYS_TO_SAVE?} -print0 |
(
success=0 fail=0
while read -rd $'##代码##' file; do
if rm "$file" 2> /dev/null; then
(( success++ ))
else
(( fail++ ))
fi
done
echo $success $fail
)
' -v ORS='##代码##' '{ print } END { print NR }' \
| xargs -0 rm
Using awkto count matches and pass them on to rm.
使用awk计数比赛和把它们交给rm。
Update:
更新：
kojiromade me aware that the above solution does not count the success/fail rate of rm. As awkhas issues with badly named files I think the following bashsolution might be better:
kojiro让我意识到上述解决方案没有计算rm. 由于awk名称错误的文件存在问题，我认为以下bash解决方案可能更好：
