Ruby-on-rails Rspec 没有看到我的模型类。未初始化的常量错误

Rspec doesn't see my model Class. uninitialized constant error

提问by Stan

I'm writing tests on Rspec for my models in Ruby on Rails application. And I receive this error while starting 'rspec spec'

我正在为我在 Ruby on Rails 应用程序中的模型编写 Rspec 测试。我在启动“rspec spec”时收到此错误

command:
/spec/models/client_spec.rb:4:in `<top (required)>': uninitialized constant Client (NameError)

I use Rails 4.0.0 and Ruby 2.0.0

我使用 Rails 4.0.0 和 Ruby 2.0.0

Here is my client_spec.rb:

这是我的 client_spec.rb：

require 'spec_helper'


describe Client do

  it 'is invalid without first_name', :focus => true do
     client = Client.new
     client.should_not be_valid
  end
end

And Gemfile:

和 Gemfile：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0.rc1'

# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'

# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 4.0.0.rc1'

# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'

# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.0.0'

# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'

# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: 
gem 'turbolinks'

gem 'jbuilder', '~> 1.0.1'

group :development do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
end

group :doc do
  # bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
  gem 'sdoc', require: false
end

group :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
end

And at last client.rb (ROR Model and Class):

最后是 client.rb（ROR 模型和类）：

class Client < ActiveRecord::Base

  has_many :cars
  has_many :orders
  has_one :client_status
  has_one :discount_plan, through: :client_status

  validates :email, format: { with: /^[_a-z0-9-]+(\.[_a-z0-9-]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*(\.[a-z]{2,4})\z/, :message => "Only emails allowed", :multiline => true }
  validates :email, presence: true, if: "phone.nil?"
  #validates :phone, presence: true, if: "email.nil?"
  validates :last_name, :first_name, presence: true
  validates :last_name, :first_name, length: {
      minimum: 2,
      maximum: 500,
      wrong_length: "Invalid length",
      too_long: "%{count} characters is the maximum allowed",
      too_short: "must have at least %{count} characters"
     }
end

If it'd be useful my spec_helper.rb file:

如果它对我的 spec_helper.rb 文件有用：

# This file was generated by the `rspec --init` command. Conventionally, all
# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
# Require this file using `require "spec_helper"` to ensure that it is only
# loaded once.
#
# See http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.treat_symbols_as_metadata_keys_with_true_values = true
  config.run_all_when_everything_filtered = true
  config.filter_run :focus

  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
  #     --seed 1234
  config.order = 'random'

  #config.use_transactional_fixtures = false

  config.before(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  end

   config.before(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.start
   end

   config.after(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.clean
   end

  end

回答by Mark Swardstrom

In rails 4.x (rspec-rails 3.1.0) use

在 rails 4.x (rspec-rails 3.1.0) 中使用

require "rails_helper"  # this

not

不是

require "spec_helper"   # not this

in your spec files

在您的规范文件中

回答by gmacdougall

Your spec_helperfile is missing some important commands. Specifically, it's not including config/environment and initializing rspec-rails.

您的spec_helper文件缺少一些重要的命令。具体来说，它不包括 config/environment 和 initializing rspec-rails。

You can add the following lines to the start of your spec/spec_helper.rbfile

您可以将以下行添加到spec/spec_helper.rb文件的开头

ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'

or you can just run

或者你可以运行

rails generate rspec:install

and overwrite your spec_helperwith one generated for use with rspec-rails.

并spec_helper用生成的与rspec-rails.

回答by Umang Raghuvanshi

You might also like to add --require rails_helperin your .rspecfile so that it looks like this.

您可能还想添加--require rails_helper到您的.rspec文件中，使其看起来像这样。

--color
--require spec_helper
--require rails_helper

You won't need to require rails_helper in all your specs, after this.

在此之后，您将不需要在所有规范中都需要 rails_helper。

回答by Kent Aguilar

I'm using Rails 5.0.0.1.
Here's how I resolved this concern.

我正在使用Rails 5.0.0.1。
这是我解决这个问题的方法。

On your Gemfile, please add -> gem 'rspec-rails', ">= 2.0.0.beta"

在您的 Gemfile 上，请添加 -> gem 'rspec-rails', ">= 2.0.0.beta"

Like so,

像这样，

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails', ">= 2.0.0.beta"
end

Reason:if the rspec-rails is not added and when you execute the rspec command, it will generate this error -> "cannot load such file -- rails_helper"

原因：如果没有添加rspec-rails，在执行rspec命令时，会产生这个错误-> “无法加载此类文件--rails_helper”

Now, execute this command on the terminal.

现在，在终端上执行此命令。

bundle install

捆绑安装

Once bundle command went good, execute the rails generate. Like so,

一旦 bundle 命令运行良好，执行 rails generate。像这样，

rails generate rspec:install

rails 生成 rspec:install

Reason:this command will create a new .rspec(hit overwrite when prompted), spec/rails_helper.rb and spec/spec_helper.rb

原因：此命令将创建一个新的 .rspec（提示时点击覆盖）、spec/rails_helper.rb 和 spec/spec_helper.rb

Now, at this point, rspec should pretty much run properly.
However, if you encounter an error where in the model is not found e.g. cannot load such file -- idea, try adding this on top of your spec/spec_helper.rb

现在，在这一点上，rspec 应该几乎可以正常运行。
但是，如果您遇到在模型中找不到的错误，例如无法加载此类文件——idea，请尝试将其添加到您的 spec/spec_helper.rb 之上

require 'rubygems'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)

Reason:seems that spec_helper is not loading the Rails environment. We're requiring it.

原因：似乎 spec_helper 没有加载 Rails 环境。我们要求它。

Hope this helps!

希望这可以帮助！

回答by Arnaud Bouchot

Things have moved a bit since this thread has been created, I have experienced the uninitialized constant ClassName (NameError)error too using Ruby 2.1, Rails 4.2, rspec-rails 3.3.

自从创建这个线程以来，事情发生了一些变化，我在uninitialized constant ClassName (NameError)使用 Ruby 2.1、Rails 4.2、rspec-rails 3.3 时也遇到了这个错误。

I have solved my problems reading the rspec-rails gem documentation :

我已经解决了阅读 rspec-rails gem 文档的问题：

https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails#model-specs

https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails#model-specs

where it confirms what Swards says about requiring "rails_helper" not "spec_helper" anymore.

它证实了 Swards 关于要求“rails_helper”而不是“spec_helper”的说法。

Also my model specification looks more like the one from the gem docs

此外，我的模型规范看起来更像是 gem 文档中的规范

RSpec.describe Url, :type => :model do
    it 'is invalid without first_name', :focus => true do
        client = Client.new
        client.should_not be_valid
    end
end

回答by Boobalan

Factories folder define in your app

工厂文件夹在您的应用程序中定义

FactoryBot.define do
  factory :user_params , :class => 'User' do
    username 'Alagesan'
    password '34@..'

  end
end

Your Controller RSpec file:

您的控制器 RSpec 文件：

it 'valid params' do
  post :register, params: {:user => user_params } 
end

回答by Longfei Wu

If other answers under this question don't work, try:

如果此问题下的其他答案不起作用，请尝试：

• Check if there is any typo in the file name or class name (they should match)

• 检查文件名或类名中是否有拼写错误（它们应该匹配）

Other wise,

除此以外，

• Check your config/environment/test.rbfile, see if there is config.eager_load = false, set it to true.

• 检查您的config/environment/test.rb文件，看看是否有config.eager_load = false，将其设置为true.

You should check in the written order since you don't want to solve the issue with the typo laying there.

您应该检查书面订单，因为您不想解决存在拼写错误的问题。