私人 iOS 应用

Private iOS app

提问by migu

We're a marketplace that connects our contractors with customers. We want to release an iOS app (React Native) for our contractors but we don't want the app to be on the public App Store. For Android we use the Alpha Channel feature, which gives us a link that we can send people to download the app.

我们是一个将我们的承包商与客户联系起来的市场。我们想为我们的承包商发布一个 iOS 应用程序（React Native），但我们不希望该应用程序出现在公共 App Store 上。对于 Android，我们使用 Alpha 通道功能，它为我们提供了一个链接，我们可以让人们下载该应用程序。

The Enterprise program isn't suitable for us I think because we can't ask our contractors to enrol in a program?

我认为企业计划不适合我们，因为我们不能要求我们的承包商参加计划？

The Custom B2B program doesn't seem to be a good fit since we are not selling or white labelling any apps?

自定义 B2B 计划似乎不太合适，因为我们不销售或贴白标签任何应用程序？

Is there another option or am I wrong with the above mentioned assumptions?

还有其他选择还是我对上述假设有误？

回答by Vikram Sahu

Options for Distributing Your iOS App to a Limited Audience

将您的 iOS 应用程序分发给有限受众的选项

Imagine you've built an iOS app for a limited set of users. Since it requires authentication, the app is useless to the general public. Is the public App Store the only option to deploy this app without express shipping devices through the mail? I've identified 5 options that you should know about.

假设您为有限的一组用户构建了一个 iOS 应用程序。由于它需要身份验证，因此该应用程序对公众毫无用处。公共 App Store 是部署此应用程序的唯一选择，而无需通过邮件发送快递设备吗？我已经确定了您应该了解的 5 个选项。

1) The Public App Store

1) 公共应用商店

Distribute the app on the public App Store. Only people authorized to use the app can authenticate and use its features. Requiring a small price (such as 99 cents) will discourage casual installations. Submitting to the public App Store requires an iOS Developer license for $99 per year.

在公共 App Store 上分发应用程序。只有被授权使用该应用程序的人才能进行身份验证并使用其功能。要求较低的价格（例如 99 美分）会阻碍随意安装。提交到公共 App Store 需要每年 99 美元的 iOS 开发者许可证。

Pro's - Apple provides the distribution service – The App Store. It is highly available and well understood by users. The App Store promotes your company on a highly visible marketplace.

Pro's - Apple 提供分发服务 - App Store。它是高度可用的并且被用户很好地理解。App Store 在一个高度可见的市场上推广您的公司。

Con's - The App Store approval process is required for initial app deployment and app updates. You may be required to make changes to the app. The approval process used to take weeks, but currently only takes a day or two. The App Store provides information about your app to competitors including a description of the app's features, screenshots and an indication when the app is updated. If you charge a price for the app, 30% of the revenue goes to Apple.

缺点 - 初始应用程序部署和应用程序更新需要 App Store 批准流程。您可能需要对应用程序进行更改。审批过程过去需要数周时间，但目前只需一两天。App Store 向竞争对手提供有关您的应用程序的信息，包括应用程序功能的描述、屏幕截图以及应用程序更新的指示。如果您为该应用程序收费，则 30% 的收入将流向 Apple。

2) iOS Developer Enterprise Program

2) iOS 开发者企业计划

The iOS Enterprise Distribution program allows a company to distribute their own “in-house” apps directly. It is intended for employees of the licensee company only and that licensee must be a company or organization with a DUNS number. The cost is $299 per year for this license compared to $99 per year for the iOS Developer License. A given device can have apps installed from only one iOS Enterprise License at a time. *Note: The following is an excerpt from the iOS Enterprise Distribution License Agreement “Internal Use Applications developed under this Agreement may be deployed on Deployment Devices in two ways: (1) deployment for internal use by Employees, and (2) deployment for use by Customers either on Your physical premises or under the direct supervision and physical control of Your Employees in other locations, subject to Apple's right to review and approve such deployment as set forth herein.”

iOS 企业分发计划允许公司直接分发他们自己的“内部”应用程序。它仅供被许可人公司的员工使用，被许可人必须是拥有 DUNS 编号的公司或组织。此许可证的费用为每年 299 美元，而 iOS 开发人员许可证的费用为每年 99 美元。给定设备一次只能通过一个 iOS 企业许可证安装应用程序。*注：以下摘自iOS企业分发许可协议“根据本协议开发的内部使用应用程序可以通过两种方式部署在部署设备上：（1）部署供员工内部使用，和（2）部署使用由客户在您的实体场所或在其他地点的您的员工的直接监督和实际控制下，受 Apple 的约束

Pro's - The App Store approval process is not required. The general public cannot see a listing for your app, purchase or install it. It is not on the App Store.

Pro's - 不需要 App Store 审批流程。公众无法看到、购买或安装您的应用程序的列表。它不在 App Store 上。

Con's - The Enterprise program is intended for employees and contractors of the licensee only. The licensee is responsible for distributing and updating the app. This can be done manually by email, making the app available on an Intranet site, through a Mobile Device Management System (MDM), etc. The cost is $299 per year for the Enterprise Developer Account compared to $99 per year for the iOS Developer Account. *Note: The Enterprise program does not enable you to deploy apps to the Public App Store. For that you need to be enrolled in the standard iOS Developer Program.

Con's - Enterprise 计划仅适用于被许可方的员工和承包商。被许可人负责分发和更新应用程序。这可以通过电子邮件手动完成，通过移动设备管理系统 (MDM) 等在 Intranet 站点上提供应用程序。企业开发人员帐户的费用为每年 299 美元，而 iOS 开发人员帐户的费用为每年 99 美元. *注意：企业计划不允许您将应用程序部署到公共应用程序商店。为此，您需要注册标准的 iOS 开发人员计划。

3) Custom B2B Apps Program

3) 自定义 B2B 应用程序

Apple has programs for volume purchasing and custom B2B apps. These programs operate from the online Business Store. The Volume Purchasing Program allows businesses to buy apps from the public App Store in bulk. Custom B2B Apps extend the Volume Purchase Program for custom B2B apps built by third-party developers. The third-party developer determines which Volume Purchase customer(s) can purchase a given app. Such apps are not available on the public App Store but only through the Business Store.

Apple 有批量购买和自定义 B2B 应用程序的程序。这些程序从在线商业商店运行。批量购买计划允许企业从公共 App Store 批量购买应用程序。自定义 B2B 应用程序扩展了由第三方开发人员构建的自定义 B2B 应用程序的批量购买计划。第三方开发人员确定哪些批量购买客户可以购买给定的应用程序。此类应用程序无法在公共 App Store 上获得，而只能通过 Business Store 获得。

Pro's - More convenient for larger distributions. Each individual installation does not require a user to make a purchase through the public app store and expense the cost. Instead, users are given a coupon that they can use to install the app. Apple provides the distribution service – the Business Store. This provides some features of an MDM. The general public cannot see the listing, purchase or install the app.

Pro's - 对于更大的发行版更方便。每个单独的安装不需要用户通过公共应用程序商店进行购买并支付费用。相反，用户会获得一张优惠券，他们可以用它来安装应用程序。Apple 提供分销服务——Business Store。这提供了 MDM 的一些功能。普通大众无法查看、购买或安装该应用程序。

Con's - Requires App Store approval process for initial app and updates. If you charge a price for the app, 30% of the revenue goes to Apple. B2B apps are only available to businesses enrolled in the Volume Purchase Program. The Volume Purchase Program is limited to the following countries as of September, 2017: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. *Note: An iOS Developer License is required to use the Custom B2B Apps Program. Limiting an app to the B2B App Store is an option when submitting to the Public App Store.

Con's - 初始应用程序和更新需要 App Store 批准流程。如果您为该应用程序收费，则 30% 的收入将流向 Apple。B2B 应用程序仅适用于注册批量购买计划的企业。截至 2017 年 9 月，批量购买计划仅限于以下国家/地区：澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、巴西、加拿大、捷克共和国、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、香港、印度、爱尔兰、意大利、日本、卢森堡、墨西哥、荷兰、新西兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、新加坡、南非、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、台湾、土耳其、阿拉伯联合酋长国、英国和美国。*注意：使用自定义 B2B 应用程序需要 iOS 开发人员许可证。将应用程序限制到 B2B 应用程序商店是提交到公共应用程序商店时的一个选项。

4) Ad Hoc Distribution (intended for Testing)

4) Ad Hoc Distribution（用于测试）

Ad Hoc Distribution allows you to distribute apps to up to 100 iOS devices for testing. You must register these devices manually by their ID. Devices can be removed/replaced once each membership year). Ad Hoc Distribution is a feature of both the iOS Developer Program and the iOS Developer Enterprise Program. This may be all that is needed for a prototype or trade show.

Ad Hoc Distribution 允许您将应用程序分发到最多 100 台 iOS 设备进行测试。您必须通过 ID 手动注册这些设备。每个会员年度可以移除/更换设备一次）。Ad Hoc Distribution 是 iOS Developer Program 和 iOS Developer Enterprise Program 的一项功能。这可能就是原型或贸易展览所需的全部内容。

Pro's - The App Store approval process is not required. The general public cannot see the listing, purchase or install the app. Over-the-air installation from a hyperlink (hosted on your web server or on an iOS Beta Testing Service *mentioned next) or by emailing to a computer with iTunes installed (and then installing to the device).

Pro's - 不需要 App Store 审批流程。普通大众无法查看、购买或安装该应用程序。从超链接（托管在您的 Web 服务器上或在 iOS Beta 测试服务上 * 稍后提到）或通过电子邮件发送到安装了 iTunes 的计算机（然后安装到设备）进行无线安装。

Con's - Limited to 100 devices (devices can be removed/replaced once each membership year). The UDID (Unique Device IDentifier ) of each device must be associated with your provisioning profile. This is a manual process. Your team must manage deployments and updates. The related developer provisioning profile expires in one year. This means that the app will run on a given device for a maximum of one year. When the Developer Provisioning profile expires the app will need to be rebuilt with a new provisioning profile.

Con's - 仅限 100 台设备（每个会员年度可以移除/更换一次设备）。每个设备的 UDID（唯一设备标识符）必须与您的配置文件相关联。这是一个手动过程。您的团队必须管理部署和更新。相关的开发人员配置文件将在一年后到期。这意味着该应用程序将在给定设备上运行最多一年。当 Developer Provisioning Profile 过期时，需要使用新的 Provisioning Profile 重建应用程序。

5) iOS Beta Testing Service: TestFlight

5) iOS Beta 测试服务：TestFlight

TestFlight is a free over-the-air platform used to distribute beta and internal iOS applications to team members. Developers can manage testing and receive feedback from their team with TestFlight's Dashboard. TestFlight makes use of your iOS Enterprise License or Developer License to create Enterprise and Ad Hoc provisioned apps.

TestFlight 是一个免费的无线平台，用于向团队成员分发 Beta 版和内部 iOS 应用程序。开发人员可以使用 TestFlight 的仪表板管理测试并从他们的团队接收反馈。TestFlight 使用您的 iOS 企业许可或开发者许可来创建企业和 Ad Hoc 配置的应用程序。

Pro's - The same Pro's as #2 iOS Developer Enterprise Program or #4 Ad Hoc Distribution depending on which iOS license you use. Distribution and feedback is managed with a free, cloud based service.

Pro's - 与 #2 iOS Developer Enterprise Program 或 #4 Ad Hoc Distribution 相同的 Pro，具体取决于您使用的 iOS 许可证。分发和反馈通过免费的、基于云的服务进行管理。

Con's - The same Con's as #2 iOS Developer Enterprise Program or #4 Ad Hoc Distribution depending on which license you use minus the Con about managing deployments and updates. According to Apple, TestFlight builds are only valid for 90 days. Apps cannot be opened after that period.

Con's - 与 #2 iOS Developer Enterprise Program 或 #4 Ad Hoc Distribution 相同的 Con，取决于您使用的许可证减去有关管理部署和更新的 Con。根据Apple 的说法，TestFlight 版本的有效期仅为 90 天。在此期限之后无法打开应用程序。

Other Testing Tools and Services

其他测试工具和服务

• Hockey App: Beta and release deployment of Mac OS X , iOS (beta only) and Android.
• HockeyKit: Open source project for hosting beta versions on your own PHP5 server.
• Apphance: Deployment on iOS, Android, Windows Phone, Nook and Kindle.

• Hockey App：Mac OS X、iOS（仅限测试版）和 Android 的 Beta 版和发布部署。
• HockeyKit：开源项目，用于在您自己的 PHP5 服务器上托管测试版。
• Apphance：在 iOS、Android、Windows Phone、Nook 和 Kindle 上部署。

回答by LeftyT

If you are not selling the app through the Apple App Store and have a target customer base, I would try the Microsoft App Center to distribute the app. It kind of works like TestFlight, but you don't have to worry about their review process.

如果您不是通过 Apple App Store 销售该应用程序并且有目标客户群，我会尝试使用 Microsoft App Center 分发该应用程序。它有点像 TestFlight，但你不必担心他们的过程。