如何在 Bash 中将文件名中的数字填零？
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How to zero pad numbers in file names in Bash?
提问by Trastle
What is the best way, using Bash, to rename files in the form:
使用 Bash 重命名以下形式的文件的最佳方法是什么：
(foo1, foo2, ..., foo1300, ..., fooN)
With zero-padded file names:
使用零填充的文件名：
(foo00001, foo00002, ..., foo01300, ..., fooN)
采纳答案by Chris Conway
In case Nis not a priori fixed:
如果N不是先验固定的：
for f in foo[0-9]*; do mv $f `printf foo%05d ${f#foo}`; done
回答by KARASZI István
It's not pure bash, but much easier with the renamecommand:
它不是纯粹的 bash，但使用rename命令要容易得多：
rename 's/\d+/sprintf("%05d",$&)/e' foo*
回答by Michael Baltaks
I had a more complex case where the file names had a postfix as well as a prefix. I also needed to perform a subtraction on the number from the filename.
我有一个更复杂的情况，其中文件名有后缀和前缀。我还需要对文件名中的数字执行减法。
For example, I wanted foo56.pngto become foo00000055.png.
例如，我想foo56.png成为foo00000055.png.
I hope this helps if you're doing something more complex.
如果您正在做一些更复杂的事情，我希望这会有所帮助。
#!/bin/bash
prefix="foo"
postfix=".png"
targetDir="../newframes"
paddingLength=8
for file in ${prefix}[0-9]*${postfix}; do
# strip the prefix off the file name
postfile=${file#$prefix}
# strip the postfix off the file name
number=${postfile%$postfix}
# subtract 1 from the resulting number
i=$((number-1))
# copy to a new name with padded zeros in a new folder
cp ${file} "$targetDir"/$(printf $prefix%0${paddingLength}d$postfix $i)
done
回答by Pioz
The oneline command that I use is this:
我使用的单行命令是这样的：
ls * | cat -n | while read i f; do mv "$f" `printf "PATTERN" "$i"`; done
PATTERN can be for example:
模式可以是例如：
- rename with increment counter:
%04d.${f#*.}(keep original file extension) - rename with increment counter with prefix:
photo_%04d.${f#*.}(keep original extension) - rename with increment counter and change extension to jpg:
%04d.jpg - rename with increment counter with prefix and file basename:
photo_$(basename $f .${f#*.})_%04d.${f#*.} - ...
- 使用增量计数器重命名：（
%04d.${f#*.}保留原始文件扩展名） - 使用带有前缀的增量计数器重命名：（
photo_%04d.${f#*.}保留原始扩展名） - 使用增量计数器重命名并将扩展名更改为 jpg：
%04d.jpg - 使用带有前缀和文件基名的增量计数器重命名：
photo_$(basename $f .${f#*.})_%04d.${f#*.} - ...
You can filter the file to rename with for example ls *.jpg | ...
您可以过滤文件以重命名，例如 ls *.jpg | ...
You have available the variable fthat is the file name and ithat is the counter.
您可以使用作为f文件名和i计数器的变量。
For your question the right command is:
对于您的问题，正确的命令是：
ls * | cat -n | while read i f; do mv "$f" `printf "foo%d05" "$i"`; done
回答by Fritz G. Mehner
Pure Bash, no external processes other than 'mv':
纯 Bash，除了 'mv' 没有外部进程：
for file in foo*; do
newnumber='00000'${file#foo} # get number, pack with zeros
newnumber=${newnumber:(-5)} # the last five characters
mv $file foo$newnumber # rename
done
回答by dF.
回答by Victoria Stuart
To left-pad numbers in filenames:
在文件名中左键盘数字：
$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:24 010
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 18:09 050
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:23 050.zzz
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:24 10
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:23 1.zzz
$ for f in [0-9]*.[a-z]*; do tmp=`echo $f | awk -F. '{printf "%04d.%s\n", , }'`; mv "$f" "$tmp"; done;
$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:23 0001.zzz
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:23 0050.zzz
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:24 010
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 18:09 050
-rw-r--r-- 1 victoria victoria 0 Mar 28 17:24 10
Explanation
解释
for f in [0-9]*.[a-z]*; do tmp=`echo $f | \
awk -F. '{printf "%04d.%s\n", , }'`; mv "$f" "$tmp"; done;
- note the backticks:
`echo ... $2}\`(The backslash, \, immediately above just splits that one-liner over two lines for readability) - in a loop find files that are named as numbers with lowercase alphabet extensions:
[0-9]*.[a-z]* - echo that filename (
$f) to pass it toawk -F.:awkfield separator, a period (.): if matched, separates the file names as two fields ($1= number;$2= extension)- format with
printf: print first field ($1, the number part) as 4 digits (%04d), then print the period, then print the second field ($2: the extension) as a string (%s). All of that is assigned to the$tmpvariable - lastly, move the source file (
$f) to the new filename ($tmp)
- 注意反引号：（
`echo ... $2}\`反斜杠，\，正上方只是将一行行拆分为两行以提高可读性） - 在循环中查找以带有小写字母扩展名的数字命名的文件：
[0-9]*.[a-z]* - 回显该文件名 (
$f) 以将其传递给awk -F.:awk字段分隔符，句点 (.)：如果匹配，则将文件名分隔为两个字段 ($1= number;$2= 扩展名)- 格式为
printf：将第一个字段（$1，数字部分）%04d打印为 4 位数字 ( )，然后打印句点，然后将第二个字段 ($2: 扩展名)打印为字符串 (%s)。所有这些都分配给$tmp变量 - 最后，将源文件 (
$f)移动到新文件名 ($tmp)
回答by AntonAL
My solution replaces numbers, everywhere in a string
我的解决方案替换字符串中无处不在的数字
for f in * ; do
number=`echo $f | sed 's/[^0-9]*//g'`
padded=`printf "%04d" $number`
echo $f | sed "s/${number}/${padded}/";
done
You can easily try it, since it just prints transformed file names (no filesystem operations are performed).
您可以轻松尝试，因为它只打印转换后的文件名（不执行文件系统操作）。
Explanation:
解释：
Looping through list of files
循环遍历文件列表
A loop: for f in * ; do ;done, lists all files and passes each filename as $fvariable to loop body.
循环：for f in * ; do ;done，列出所有文件并将每个文件名作为$f变量传递给循环体。
Grabbing the number from string
从字符串中获取数字
With echo $f | sedwe pipe variable $fto sedprogram.
随着echo $f | sed我们管变量$f到sed程序。
In command sed 's/[^0-9]*//g', part [^0-9]*with modifier ^tells to match opposite from digit 0-9 (not a number) and then remove it it with empty replacement //. Why not just remove [a-z]? Because filename can contain dots, dashes etc. So, we strip everything, that is not a number and get a number.
在命令中sed 's/[^0-9]*//g'，[^0-9]*带有修饰符的部分^告诉匹配数字 0-9（不是数字）的相反部分，然后用空替换将其删除//。为什么不直接删除[a-z]？因为文件名可以包含点、破折号等。所以，我们去掉所有不是数字的东西并得到一个数字。
Next, we assign the result to numbervariable. Remember to not put spaces in assignment, like number = …, because you get different behavior.
接下来，我们将结果分配给number变量。记住不要在赋值中放置空格，比如number = …，因为你会得到不同的行为。
We assign execution result of a command to variable, wrapping the command with backtick symbols `.
我们将命令的执行结果分配给变量，用反引号符号`包裹命令。
Zero padding
零填充
Command printf "%04d" $numberchanges format of a number to 4 digits and adds zeros if our number contains less than 4 digits.
命令printf "%04d" $number将数字的格式更改为 4 位数字，如果我们的数字少于 4 位数字，则添加零。
Replacing number to zero-padded number
将数字替换为零填充数字
We use sedagain with replacement command like s/substring/replacement/. To interpret our variables, we use double quotes and substitute our variables in this way ${number}.
我们sed再次使用替换命令，如s/substring/replacement/. 为了解释我们的变量，我们使用双引号并以这种方式替换我们的变量${number}。
The script above just prints transformed names, so, let's do actual renaming job:
上面的脚本只是打印转换后的名称，所以，让我们做实际的重命名工作：
for f in *.js ; do
number=`echo $f | sed 's/[^0-9]*//g'`
padded=`printf "%04d" $number`
new_name=`echo $f | sed "s/${number}/${padded}/"`
mv $f $new_name;
done
Hope this helps someone.
希望这可以帮助某人。
I spent several hours to figure this out.
我花了几个小时来弄清楚这一点。
回答by amrox
Here's a quick solution that assumes a fixed length prefix (your "foo") and fixed length padding. If you need more flexibility, maybe this will at least be a helpful starting point.
这是一个快速解决方案，它假定一个固定长度的前缀（你的“foo”）和固定长度的填充。如果您需要更多的灵活性，也许这至少是一个有用的起点。
#!/bin/bash
# some test data
files="foo1
foo2
foo100
foo200
foo9999"
for f in $files; do
prefix=`echo "$f" | cut -c 1-3` # chars 1-3 = "foo"
number=`echo "$f" | cut -c 4-` # chars 4-end = the number
printf "%s%04d\n" "$prefix" "$number"
done
