如何永久删除存储在 GIT 中的文件？
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How to permanently delete a file stored in GIT?
提问by mrblah
I backed up my database to GIT just so I could get the db at my home computer.
我将我的数据库备份到 GIT，这样我就可以在我的家用电脑上获取数据库。
I don't want this file to be versioned, it was just a 1 time thing really.
我不希望这个文件被版本化，这真的只是 1 次。
Can I delete it for good so GIT doesn't keep track of it going forward or historically?
我可以永久删除它，这样 GIT 就不会跟踪它的未来或历史吗？
回答by Alan Haggai Alavi
I always find Guides: Completely remove a file from all revisions feedhelpful.
我总是发现指南：从所有修订提要中完全删除文件很有帮助。
To remove the file called
Rakefile:git filter-branch --force --index-filter \ ? 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch Rakefile' \ ? --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --allThis command will run the entire history of every branch and tag, changing any commit that involved the file
Rakefile, and any commits afterwards. Commits that are empty afterwards (because they only changed the Rakefile) are removed entirely.
删除名为 的文件
Rakefile：git filter-branch --force --index-filter \ ? 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch Rakefile' \ ? --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all此命令将运行每个分支和标签的整个历史记录，更改涉及文件的
Rakefile任何提交，以及之后的任何提交。之后为空的提交（因为它们只更改了 Rakefile）将被完全删除。
回答by Andrzej Jozwik
Update for remote repository:
远程存储库的更新：
git filter-branch -f --index-filter "git rm -rf --cached --ignore-unmatch FOLDERNAME" -- --all
replace FOLDERNAME with the file or folder you wish to remove from the given git repository.
将 FOLDERNAME 替换为您希望从给定 git 存储库中删除的文件或文件夹。
rm -rf .git/refs/original/
git reflog expire --expire=now --all
git gc --prune=now
git gc --aggressive --prune=now
Now push all the changes to the remote repository
现在将所有更改推送到远程存储库
git push --all --force
This would clean up the remote repository.
这将清理远程存储库。
回答by dezhi
You can also use bfg for ease.
您也可以轻松使用 bfg。
The BFG is a simpler, faster alternative to git-filter-branch for cleansing bad data out of your Git repository history:
BFG 是 git-filter-branch 的更简单、更快的替代方案，用于清除 Git 存储库历史记录中的不良数据：
Removing Crazy Big Files Removing Passwords, Credentials & other Private data
删除疯狂的大文件 删除密码、凭据和其他私人数据
$ bfg --delete-files YOUR-FILE-WITH-SENSITIVE-DATA
Or just replace all the occurrences of some file:
或者只是替换某个文件的所有出现：
$ bfg --replace-text passwords.txt
check https://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/and https://help.github.com/articles/removing-sensitive-data-from-a-repository/
检查https://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/和https://help.github.com/articles/removing-sensitive-data-from-a-repository/
回答by jamessan
You can with git filter-branch's --index-filter.
您可以使用git filter-branch的--index-filter.
回答by Saket Milan
I would like to share most simplest and easy to understand solution which worked for me.
我想分享对我有用的最简单易懂的解决方案。
First clone a fresh copy of your repo, using the --mirror flag:
首先使用 --mirror 标志克隆您的 repo 的新副本：
git clone --mirror https://github.com/username/youproject.git
Then Download latest version of BFG jar file from https://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/rename it as bfg.jar and paste it inside YourRepoName.git folder.
然后从https://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/下载最新版本的 BFG jar 文件，将其重命名为 bfg.jar 并将其粘贴到 YourRepoName.git 文件夹中。
Then run following lines in git bash.
然后在 git bash 中运行以下几行。
java -jar bfg.jar --delete-files yourfilename(only file name is needed, no need to mention path)
java -jar bfg.jar --delete-files yourfilename（只需要文件名，无需提及路径）
git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --prune=now --aggressive(it will strip out the unwanted dirty data which has been expelled out due to above command)
git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --prune=now --aggressive（它将去除由于上述命令而被驱逐的不需要的脏数据）
I faced issue here. My project was having open pull requests. If there are any open pull requests then you need to run this command
我在这里遇到了问题。我的项目有开放的拉取请求。如果有任何打开的拉取请求，则您需要运行此命令
git show-ref | cut -d' ' -f2 | grep 'pull-request' | xargs -r -L1 git update-ref -d
After this you can simply push master branch.
在此之后，您可以简单地推送 master 分支。
git push -u origin master
Its done. But remember to keep a copy in local of old repository before performing above action. All unmerged branches and open pull requests may get deleted.
完成。但是请记住在执行上述操作之前在旧存储库的本地保留一个副本。所有未合并的分支和打开的拉取请求可能会被删除。
I reduced my repo size from 40mb to 4mb by removing unwanted apk files which got pushed with my commits.
通过删除随我的提交推送的不需要的 apk 文件，我将我的 repo 大小从 40mb 减少到 4mb。
