git git中文件和目录被修改后如何恢复权限？
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How to restore the permissions of files and directories within git if they have been modified?
提问by Dale Forester
I have a git checkout. All the file permissions are different than what git thinks they should be therefore they all show up as modified.
我有一个 git 结帐。所有文件权限都与 git 认为的不同，因此它们都显示为已修改。
Without touching the content of the files (just want to modify the permissions) how do I set all the files permissions to what git thinks they should be?
在不触及文件内容的情况下（只想修改权限）如何将所有文件权限设置为 git 认为它们应该是什么？
回答by muhqu
Git keeps track of filepermission and exposes permission changes when creating patches using git diff -p. So all we need is:
Git 会跟踪文件权限并在使用git diff -p. 所以我们只需要：
- create a reverse patch
- include only the permission changes
- apply the patch to our working copy
- 创建反向补丁
- 仅包括权限更改
- 将补丁应用到我们的工作副本
As a one-liner:
作为单线：
git diff -p -R --no-ext-diff --no-color \
| grep -E "^(diff|(old|new) mode)" --color=never \
| git apply
you can also add it as an alias to your git config...
您还可以将其作为别名添加到您的 git 配置中...
git config --global --add alias.permission-reset '!git diff -p -R --no-ext-diff --no-color | grep -E "^(diff|(old|new) mode)" --color=never | git apply'
...and you can invoke it via:
...您可以通过以下方式调用它：
git permission-reset
Note, if you shell is bash, make sure to use 'instead of "quotes around the !git, otherwise it gets substituted with the last gitcommand you ran.
请注意，如果您的 shell 是bash，请确保在周围使用'而不是"引号!git，否则它将被git您运行的最后一个命令替换。
Thx to @Mixologic for pointing out that by simply using -Ron git diff, the cumbersome sedcommand is no longer required.
感谢@Mixologic 指出通过简单地使用-Ron git diff，sed不再需要繁琐的命令。
回答by Tim Henigan
Try git config core.fileMode false
尝试 git config core.fileMode false
From the git configman page:
从git config手册页：
core.fileModeIf false, the executable bit differences between the index and the working copy are ignored; useful on broken filesystems like FAT. See git-update-index(1).
The default is true, except git-clone(1) or git-init(1) will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the repository is created.
core.fileMode如果为 false，则忽略索引和工作副本之间的可执行位差异；在损坏的文件系统（如 FAT）上很有用。请参阅git-update-index(1)。
默认为 true，除了 git-clone(1) 或 git-init(1) 将在创建存储库时探测并设置 core.fileMode 为 false。
回答by kroger
Git doesn't store file permissions other than executable scripts. Consider using something like git-cache-metato save file ownership and permissions.
除了可执行脚本之外，Git 不存储文件权限。考虑使用git-cache-meta 之类的东西来保存文件所有权和权限。
Git can only store two types of modes: 755 (executable) and 644 (not executable). If your file was 444 git would store it has 644.
Git 只能存储两种模式：755（可执行）和 644（不可执行）。如果你的文件是 444，git 会存储它有 644。
回答by zainengineer
git diff -p \
| grep -E '^(diff|old mode|new mode)' \
| sed -e 's/^old/NEW/;s/^new/old/;s/^NEW/new/' \
| git apply
will work in most cases but if you have external diff tools like meld installed you have to add --no-ext-diff
在大多数情况下都可以使用，但是如果您安装了像 meld 这样的外部差异工具，则必须添加 --no-ext-diff
git diff --no-ext-diff -p \
| grep -E '^(diff|old mode|new mode)' \
| sed -e 's/^old/NEW/;s/^new/old/;s/^NEW/new/' \
| git apply
was needed in my situation
在我的情况下需要
回答by alijandro
I use git from cygwin on Windows, the git applysolution doesn't work for me. Here is my solution, run chmodon every file to reset its permissions.
我在 Windows 上使用来自 cygwin 的 git，该git apply解决方案对我不起作用。这是我的解决方案，chmod在每个文件上运行以重置其权限。
#!/bin/bash
IFS=$'\n'
for c in `git diff -p |sed -n '/diff --git/{N;s/diff --git//g;s/\n/ /g;s# a/.* b/##g;s/old mode //g;s/\(.*\) 100\(.*\)/chmod /g;p}'`
do
eval $c
done
unset IFS
回答by Doug
You could also try a pre/post checkout hook might do the trick.
您也可以尝试使用 pre/post checkout hook 来解决问题。
回答by Pat Notz
The easiest thing to do is to just change the permissions back. As @kroger noted git only tracks executable bits. So you probably just need to run chmod -x filenameto fix it (or +xif that's what's needed.
最简单的方法就是将权限改回来。正如@kroger 指出的，git 只跟踪可执行位。所以你可能只需要运行chmod -x filename来修复它（或者+x如果这是需要的。
回答by ivan_pozdeev
git diff -pused in muhqu's answermay not show all discrepancies.
git diff -pmuhqu 的回答中使用的可能不会显示所有差异。
- saw this in Cygwin for files I didn't own
- mode changes are ignored completely if
core.filemodeisfalse(which is the default for MSysGit)
- 在 Cygwin 中看到了我不拥有的文件
- 如果
core.filemode是false（这是 MSysGit 的默认设置），则完全忽略模式更改
This code reads the metadata directly instead:
此代码直接读取元数据：
(set -o errexit pipefail nounset;
git ls-tree HEAD -z | while read -r -d $'git ls-tree HEAD | perl -ne '/^10(0\d{3}) blob \S+\t(.+)$/ && { system "chmod",, || die }'
' mask type blob path
do
if [ "$type" != "blob" ]; then continue; fi;
case "$mask" in
#do not touch other bits
100644) chmod a-x "$path";;
100755) chmod a+x "$path";;
*) echo "invalid: $mask $type $blob\t$path" >&2; false;;
esac
done)
A non-production-grade one-liner (replaces masks entirely):
非生产级单衬（完全替代口罩）：
etckeeper init -d /mydir
(Credit for "$'\0'" goes to http://transnum.blogspot.ru/2008/11/bashs-read-built-in-supports-0-as.html)
（“$'\0'”的学分转到http://transnum.blogspot.ru/2008/11/bashs-read-built-in-supports-0-as.html）
回答by MoreIT
The etckeepertoolcan handle permissions and with:
该etckeeper工具可以处理权限并具有：
You can use it for other dirs than /etc.
您可以将它用于除/etc.
Install by using your package manager or get sources from above link.
使用您的包管理器安装或从上面的链接获取源。
