emacs 可以为我重新缩进一大块 HTML 吗？
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Can emacs re-indent a big blob of HTML for me?
提问by raldi
When editing HTML in emacs, is there a way to automatically pretty-format a blob of markup, changing something like this:
在 emacs 中编辑 HTML 时，是否有一种方法可以自动对标记的 blob 进行漂亮格式化，并更改如下内容：
<table>
<tr>
<td>blah</td></tr></table>
...into this:
...进入这个：
<table>
<tr>
<td>
blah
</td>
</tr>
</table>
采纳答案by jfm3
By default, when you visit a .htmlfile in Emacs (22 or 23), it will put you in html-mode. That is probably not what you want. You probably want nxml-mode, which is seriously fancy. nxml-modeseems to only come with Emacs 23, although you can download it for earlier versions of emacs from the nXML web site. There is also a Debian and Ubuntu package named nxml-mode. You can enter nxml-modewith:
默认情况下，当您访问.htmlEmacs 中的文件（22 或 23）时，它会将您放入html-mode. 那可能不是您想要的。你可能想要nxml-mode，这是非常花哨的。nxml-mode似乎只随 Emacs 23 一起提供，尽管您可以从nXML 网站下载它以用于早期版本的 emacs 。还有一个名为nxml-mode. 您可以输入nxml-mode：
M-x nxml-mode
You can view nxml mode documentation with:
您可以通过以下方式查看 nxml 模式文档：
C-h i g (nxml-mode) RET
All that being said, you will probably have to use something like Tidyto re-format your xhtml example. nxml-modewill get you from
综上所述，您可能必须使用Tidy 之类的工具来重新格式化您的 xhtml 示例。 nxml-mode会让你从
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head></head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>blah</td></tr></table>
</body>
to
到
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head></head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>blah</td></tr></table>
</body>
</html>
but I don't see a more general facility to do line breaks on certain xml tags as you want. Note that C-jwill insert a new line with proper indentation, so you may be able to do a quick macro or hack up a defunthat will do your tables.
但我没有看到更通用的工具可以根据需要对某些 xml 标签进行换行。请注意，这C-j将插入一个具有适当缩进的新行，因此您可以执行快速宏或修改一个defun可以处理表格的内容。
回答by vava
You can do sgml-pretty-printand then indent-for-tabon the same region/buffer, provided you are in html-mode or nxml-mode.
如果您处于 html-mode 或 nxml-mode，您可以sgml-pretty-print然后indent-for-tab在相同的区域/缓冲区上执行。
sgml-pretty-printadds new lines to proper places and indent-for-tabadds nice indentation. Together they lead to properly formatted html/xml.
sgml-pretty-print在适当的位置添加新行并indent-for-tab添加漂亮的缩进。它们一起导致格式正确的 html/xml。
回答by Jay
http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/emacs/emacs_277.html
http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/emacs/emacs_277.html
After selecting the region you want to fix. (To select the whole buffer use C-x h)
选择要修复的区域后。（要选择整个缓冲区，请使用 Cx h）
C-M-q
Reindent all the lines within one parenthetical grouping(indent-sexp).
C-M-\
Reindent all lines in the region (indent-region).
CMq
重新缩进一个括号内的所有行（indent-sexp）。
厘米-\
重新缩进区域中的所有行（缩进区域）。
回答by jtahlborn
i wrote a function myself to do this for xml, which works well in nxml-mode. should work pretty well for html as well:
我自己编写了一个函数来为 xml 执行此操作，该函数在 nxml 模式下运行良好。对于 html 也应该可以很好地工作：
(defun jta-reformat-xml ()
"Reformats xml to make it readable (respects current selection)."
(interactive)
(save-excursion
(let ((beg (point-min))
(end (point-max)))
(if (and mark-active transient-mark-mode)
(progn
(setq beg (min (point) (mark)))
(setq end (max (point) (mark))))
(widen))
(setq end (copy-marker end t))
(goto-char beg)
(while (re-search-forward ">\s-*<" end t)
(replace-match ">\n<" t t))
(goto-char beg)
(indent-region beg end nil))))
回答by nevcx
You can do a replace regexp
你可以做一个替换正则表达式
M-x replace-regexp
\(</[^>]+>\)
C-q-j
Indent the whole buffer
缩进整个缓冲区
C-x h
M-x indent-region
回答by abhillman
This question is quite old, but I wasn't really happy with the various answers. A simple way to re-indent an HTML file, given that you are running a relatively newer version of emacs (I am running 24.4.1) is to:
这个问题已经很老了，但我对各种答案并不满意。假设您运行的是相对较新版本的 emacs（我运行的是 24.4.1），重新缩进 HTML 文件的一种简单方法是：
- open the file in emacs
- mark the entire file with
C-x h(note: if you would like to see what is being marked, add(setq transient-mark-mode t)to your.emacsfile) - execute
M-x indent-region
- 在 emacs 中打开文件
- 标记整个文件
C-x h（注意：如果您想查看被标记的内容，请添加(setq transient-mark-mode t)到您的.emacs文件中） - 执行
M-x indent-region
What's nice about this method is that it does not require any plugins (Conway's suggestion), it does not require a replace regexp (nevcx's suggestion), nor does it require switching modes (jfm3's suggestion). Jay's suggestion is in the right direction —?in general, executing C-M-qwill indent according to a mode's rules — for example, C-M-qworks, in my experience, in js-modeand in several other modes. But neither html-modenor nxml-modedo not seem to implement C-M-q.
这种方法的好处在于它不需要任何插件（Conway 的建议），它不需要替换正则表达式（nevcx 的建议），也不需要切换模式（jfm3 的建议）。Jay 的建议是正确的方向——一般来说，执行C-M-q会根据模式的规则缩进——例如C-M-q，根据我的经验，在js-mode其他几种模式中有效。但似乎html-mode也nxml-mode没有实施C-M-q。
回答by Aaron Hall
In emacs 25, which I'm currently building from source, assuming you are in HTML mode, use
Ctrl-x
h
在我目前正在从源代码构建的 emacs 25 中，假设您处于 HTML 模式，请使用
Ctrl-x
h
to select all, and then press Tab.
选择全部，然后按Tab。
回答by Chris Conway
回答by Geoff
You can pipe a region to xmllint (if you have it) using:
您可以使用以下方法将区域通过管道传输到 xmllint（如果有）：
M-|
Shell command on region: xmllint --format -
The result will end up in a new buffer.
结果将在一个新的缓冲区结束。
I do this with XML, and it works, though I believe xmllint needs certain other options to work with HTML or other not-perfect XML. nxml-mode will tell you if you have a well-formed document.
我使用 XML 执行此操作，并且它有效，但我相信 xmllint 需要某些其他选项才能使用 HTML 或其他不完美的 XML。nxml-mode 会告诉你是否有一个格式良好的文档。
回答by user1454331
The easiest way to do it is via command line.
最简单的方法是通过命令行。
- Make sure you have tidy installed
- type
tidy -i -m <<file_name>>
- 确保你有 tidy 安装
- 类型
tidy -i -m <<file_name>>
Note that -moption replaces the newly tidied file with the old one. If you don't want that, you can type tidy -i -o <<tidied_file_name>> <<untidied_file_name>>
请注意，该-m选项会用旧文件替换新整理的文件。如果你不想这样，你可以输入tidy -i -o <<tidied_file_name>> <<untidied_file_name>>
The -iis for indentation. Alternatively, you can create a .tidyrcfile that has settings such as
的-i是缩进。或者，您可以创建一个.tidyrc具有以下设置的文件
indent: auto
indent-spaces: 2
wrap: 72
markup: yes
output-xml: no
input-xml: no
show-warnings: yes
numeric-entities: yes
quote-marks: yes
quote-nbsp: yes
quote-ampersand: no
break-before-br: no
uppercase-tags: no
uppercase-attributes: no
This way all you have to do is type tidy -o <<tidied_file_name>> <<untidied_file_name>>.
这样你所要做的就是输入tidy -o <<tidied_file_name>> <<untidied_file_name>>.
For more just type man tidyon the command line.
有关更多信息，只需man tidy在命令行上输入即可。
