java 如何在 JFrame 中排列多个面板

How to arrange multiple panels in JFrame

提问by konopoly

I am trying to make a simple calculator to practice Graphics (i am a complete GUI noob). I am having some problems with having unneeded spaces after Polyashenkos Calulator and the text area and the space between the text area and the buttons. Also how do i keep that layout but eliminate the space and also make the bottom 3 buttons smaller. Any tips about what im doing or how i can do it better would be much appreciated. Thank you.

我正在尝试制作一个简单的计算器来练习图形（我是一个完整的 GUI 菜鸟）。在 Polyashenkos 计算器和文本区域以及文本区域和按钮之间的空间之后，我遇到了一些不需要的空间的问题。另外我如何保持该布局但消除空间并使底部的 3 个按钮更小。任何关于我在做什么或我如何做得更好的提示将不胜感激。谢谢你。

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class calculator {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // creates the JFrame(a window with decorations)
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator"); 
        // stops the program when window is closed
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 
        frame.setSize(377, 350);

        // the main panel of the JFrame, 
        // remembet you cant add content directly to JFrame
        JPanel content = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 0)); 
        // panel for the text field
        JPanel textarea = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 0)); 
        // panel for the buttons, 
        // GridLayout(int rows, int cols, int horiz_gap, int vert_gap)
        JPanel buttonarea = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 5, 2, 2)); 

        //  the panel for the bigger bottom buttons
        JPanel secondbuttonarea = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 1, 2, 2)); 
        // the panel for the text on top
        JPanel label = new JPanel(); 
        content.add(label);
        content.add(textarea);
        content.add(buttonarea);
        content.add(secondbuttonarea);

        JLabel words = new JLabel("Polyashenko's Calculator", JLabel.CENTER);
        label.add(words);

        JTextField enterhere = new JTextField("0.", JTextField.CENTER);
        // will set the curser of the text bar on right side
        enterhere.setComponentOrientation(ComponentOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT); 
        textarea.add(enterhere);

        // makes a button called b1 with text in it
        JButton b1 = new JButton("BkSP"); 
        // adds the backspace button to the buttonarea panel
        buttonarea.add(b1); 
        JButton b2 = new JButton("CE");
        buttonarea.add(b2);
        JButton b3 = new JButton("C");
        buttonarea.add(b3);
        JButton b4 = new JButton("/");
        buttonarea.add(b4);
        JButton b5 = new JButton("sqrt");
        buttonarea.add(b5);
        JButton b6 = new JButton("7");
        buttonarea.add(b6);
        JButton b7 = new JButton("8");
        buttonarea.add(b7);
        JButton b8 = new JButton("9");
        buttonarea.add(b8);
        JButton b9 = new JButton("*");
        buttonarea.add(b9);
        JButton b10 = new JButton("%");
        buttonarea.add(b10);
        JButton b11 = new JButton("4");
        buttonarea.add(b11);
        JButton b12 = new JButton("5");
        buttonarea.add(b12);
        JButton b13 = new JButton("6");
        buttonarea.add(b13);
        JButton b14 = new JButton("-");
        buttonarea.add(b14);
        JButton b15 = new JButton("1/x");
        buttonarea.add(b15);
        JButton b16 = new JButton("1");
        buttonarea.add(b16);
        JButton b17 = new JButton("2");
        buttonarea.add(b17);
        JButton b18 = new JButton("3");
        buttonarea.add(b18);
        JButton b19 = new JButton("+");
        buttonarea.add(b19);
        JButton b20 = new JButton("+/-");
        buttonarea.add(b20);

        JButton b21 = new JButton("0");
        secondbuttonarea.add(b21);
        JButton b22 = new JButton(".");
        secondbuttonarea.add(b22);
        JButton b23 = new JButton("=");
        secondbuttonarea.add(b23);

        // adds the buttonarea panel to the main panel
        frame.getContentPane().add(content); 
        // makes the window visible, put at end of program
        frame.setVisible(true); 
    }
}

采纳答案by mKorbel

one of lessons by Hovercraft Full Of Eels(-: forums.sun.com :-)

充满鳗鱼的气垫船的课程之一（-：forums.sun.com :-)

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class SciCalc {

    private static void createAndShowUI() {
        SciCalcGui gui = new SciCalcGui();
        SciCalcMenu menu = new SciCalcMenu(gui);
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
        frame.getContentPane().add(gui.getMainPanel());
        frame.setJMenuBar(menu.getJMenuBar());
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                createAndShowUI();
            }
        });
    }

    private SciCalc() {
    }
}

class SciCalcGui {

    private static final String[][] STANDARD_BTN_TEXTS = {
        {"7", "8", "9", "/"}, {"4", "5", "6", "*"},
        {"1", "2", "3", "-"}, {"0", ".", "=", "+"}};
    private static final String[][] SCIENTIFIC_BTN_TEXTS = {
        {"sqrt", "1/x", "sin"}, {"%", "Exp", "cos"},
        {"x^y", "ln", "tan"}, {"x^2", "n!", "sec"}};
    private static final int GAP = 5;
    private static final Font BTN_FONT = new Font(Font.DIALOG, Font.BOLD, 20);
    private JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
    private JPanel sciPanel;
    private JTextField display = new JTextField();

    SciCalcGui() {
        display.setFont(BTN_FONT);
        JPanel standardPanel = createBtnPanel(STANDARD_BTN_TEXTS, "Standard");
        sciPanel = createBtnPanel(SCIENTIFIC_BTN_TEXTS, "Scientific");
        mainPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        mainPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(GAP, GAP, GAP, GAP));
        mainPanel.add(standardPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        mainPanel.add(sciPanel, BorderLayout.WEST);
        mainPanel.add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        sciPanel.setVisible(false);
    }

    public void sciPanelSetVisible(boolean visible) {
        sciPanel.setVisible(visible);
        Window win = SwingUtilities.getWindowAncestor(mainPanel);
        win.pack();
    }

    public JPanel getMainPanel() {
        return mainPanel;
    }

    private JPanel createBtnPanel(String[][] texts, String title) {
        JPanel btnPanel = new JPanel();
        int rows = texts.length;
        int cols = texts[0].length;
        btnPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(rows, cols, GAP, GAP));
        for (int row = 0; row < texts.length; row++) {
            for (int col = 0; col < texts[row].length; col++) {
                JButton btn = new JButton(texts[row][col]);
                btn.setFont(BTN_FONT);
                btnPanel.add(btn);
            }
        }
        btnPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(title));
        return btnPanel;
    }
}

class SciCalcMenu {

    private static final String STANDARD = "Standard";
    private static final String SCIENTIFIC = "Scientific";
    private SciCalcGui gui;
    private JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
    private JMenuItem standardView;
    private JMenuItem scientificView;

    SciCalcMenu(SciCalcGui gui) {
        this.gui = gui;
        standardView = new JMenuItem(STANDARD, KeyEvent.VK_T);
        scientificView = new JMenuItem(SCIENTIFIC, KeyEvent.VK_S);
        ViewAction viewAction = new ViewAction();
        standardView.addActionListener(viewAction);
        scientificView.addActionListener(viewAction);
        standardView.setEnabled(false);
        JMenu viewMenu = new JMenu("View");
        viewMenu.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_V);
        viewMenu.add(standardView);
        viewMenu.add(scientificView);
        menuBar.add(new JMenu("Edit"));
        menuBar.add(viewMenu);
        menuBar.add(new JMenu("Help"));
    }

    public JMenuBar getJMenuBar() {
        return menuBar;
    }

    private class ViewAction implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String command = e.getActionCommand();
            if (command.equals(STANDARD)) {
                gui.sciPanelSetVisible(false);
                standardView.setEnabled(false);
                scientificView.setEnabled(true);
            } else if (command.equals(SCIENTIFIC)) {
                gui.sciPanelSetVisible(true);
                standardView.setEnabled(true);
                scientificView.setEnabled(false);
            }
        }
    }
}

回答by Lee Meador

A GridLayoutwon't ever look very good in cases like this.

GridLayout在这种情况下，A永远不会看起来很好。

The content expands to fill the box in the grid. You only have minimal control over the spacing between rows and columns.

内容扩展以填充网格中的框。您只能对行和列之间的间距进行最少的控制。

You may have to change layouts to make it look the way you want. GridBagLayouthas all that control but is much harder to configure.

您可能需要更改布局以使其看起来像您想要的那样。GridBagLayout拥有所有这些控制权，但配置起来要困难得多。

Sometimes you can nest panels with BorderLayoutand GridLayoutto make it look reasonable. But it is Swing and that means its usable but it becomes very hard to make it look slick.

有时，您可以使用BorderLayout和嵌套面板GridLayout以使其看起来合理。但它是 Swing，这意味着它可以使用，但很难让它看起来光滑。

I always like to use a FlowLayoutfor OK/Cancel buttons. They look best to me that way and you can push them all left, right or centered. Your calculator buttons should work well with a GridLayoutbut you can't easily have a tall "Enter" button or a wide "0" button.

我总是喜欢使用 aFlowLayout来表示确定/取消按钮。它们在我看来最好，你可以把它们全部向左、向右或居中。您的计算器按钮应该可以很好地与一个GridLayout但您不能轻易拥有一个高的“Enter”按钮或一个宽的“0”按钮。

For example, try using a vertical BoxLayoutinstead of a grid that is 4 high by 1 wide.

例如，尝试使用垂直BoxLayout而不是 4 高 x 1 宽的网格。