postgresql 如何在 heroku 上获得纯文本 postgres 数据库转储?
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How can I get a plain text postgres database dump on heroku?
提问by user1187534
Due to version incompatibilities of my postgres database on heroku (9.1) and my local installation (8.4) I need a plain text sql database dump file so I can put a copy of my production data on my local testing environment.
由于我的 postgres 数据库在 heroku (9.1) 和我的本地安装 (8.4) 上的版本不兼容,我需要一个纯文本的 sql 数据库转储文件,以便我可以将我的生产数据的副本放在我的本地测试环境中。
It seems on heroku I can't make a dump using pg_dump but can instead only do this:
在 heroku 上,我似乎无法使用 pg_dump 进行转储,而只能这样做:
$ heroku pgbackups:capture
$ curl -o my_dump_file.dump `heroku pgbackups:url`
...and this gives me the "custom database dump format" and not "plain text format" so I am not able to do this:
...这给了我“自定义数据库转储格式”而不是“纯文本格式”,所以我无法做到这一点:
$ psql -d my_local_database -f my_dump_file.sql
回答by Alex
You could just make your own pg_dump directly from your Heroku database.
你可以直接从你的 Heroku 数据库制作你自己的 pg_dump。
First, get your postgres string using heroku config:get DATABASE_URL
.
首先,使用heroku config:get DATABASE_URL
.
Look for the Heroku Postgres url (example: HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_RED_URL: postgres://user3123:[email protected]:6212/db982398
), which format is postgres://<username>:<password>@<host_name>:<port>/<dbname>
.
查找 Heroku Postgres url(例如:)HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_RED_URL: postgres://user3123:[email protected]:6212/db982398
,格式为postgres://<username>:<password>@<host_name>:<port>/<dbname>
.
Next, run this on your command line:
接下来,在命令行上运行它:
pg_dump --host=<host_name> --port=<port> --username=<username> --password --dbname=<dbname> > output.sql
The terminal will ask for your password then run it and dump it into output.sql.
终端将询问您的密码,然后运行它并将其转储到 output.sql 中。
Then import it:
然后导入:
psql -d my_local_database -f output.sql
回答by Leigh Brenecki
Heroku's PGBackups actually uses pg_dump behind the scenes, and the "custom format" is actually pg_dump's custom format (-Fc
parameter), not Heroku's own custom format.
Heroku 的 PGBackups实际上在幕后使用了 pg_dump,而“自定义格式”实际上是pg_dump 的自定义格式(-Fc
参数),而不是 Heroku 自己的自定义格式。
This means you can use pg_restore
, which is part of Postgres, to restore your Heroku backup into another database directly:
这意味着您可以使用pg_restore
Postgres 的一部分 将您的 Heroku 备份直接恢复到另一个数据库中:
pg_restore -d mydatabase my_dump_file.dump
In addition, if you call pg_restore
without specifying a database to restore to, it'll print SQL statements to standard out, so you can turn your Heroku backup into a SQL file that way:
此外,如果您调用时pg_restore
没有指定要恢复到的数据库,它会将 SQL 语句打印到标准输出,因此您可以通过这种方式将 Heroku 备份转换为 SQL 文件:
pg_restore my_dump_file.dump > sql_statements.sql
回答by tobias.mcnulty
Assuming you have a DATABASE_URL
configured in your environment, there is a far simpler method:
假设您DATABASE_URL
在环境中配置了一个,则有一个简单得多的方法:
heroku run 'pg_dump $DATABASE_URL' > my_database.sql
This will run pg_dump
in your container and pipe the contents to a local file, my_database.sql
. The single quotes are important.If you use double quotes (or no quotes at all), DATABASE_URL
will be evaluated locally rather than in your container.
这将pg_dump
在您的容器中运行并将内容通过管道传输到本地文件my_database.sql
. 单引号很重要。如果您使用双引号(或根本没有引号),DATABASE_URL
将在本地而不是在您的容器中进行评估。
If your whole purpose is to load the contents into a local database anyways, you might as well pipe it straight there:
如果您的整个目的是将内容加载到本地数据库中,您不妨直接在那里进行管道传输:
createdb myapp_devel # start with an empty database
heroku run 'pg_dump -xO $DATABASE_URL' | psql myapp_devel
The addition of -xO
avoids dumping GRANT
, REVOKE
, and ALTER OWNER
statements, which probably don't apply to your local database server. If any of your COPY
commands fail with the error ERROR: literal carriage return found in data
(mine did), see this answer.
添加-xO
可避免转储GRANT
、REVOKE
和ALTER OWNER
语句,这些语句可能不适用于您的本地数据库服务器。如果您的任何COPY
命令因错误而失败ERROR: literal carriage return found in data
(我的),请参阅此答案。
It's quite possible this didn't work two and a half years ago when this question was originally asked, but for those looking for a way to easily get a dump of your Heroku Postgres database, this appears to be the simplest possible way to do this today.
两年半前最初提出这个问题时,这很可能不起作用,但是对于那些正在寻找一种轻松获取 Heroku Postgres 数据库转储的方法的人来说,这似乎是最简单的方法今天。
回答by Edd
Heroku pg:backups:capture
Heroku pg:backups:download
Taken from https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-postgres-import-export. Now you have a binary file. To obtain the file in plain text format, the following worked for me. Note: You will need to install PostgreSQL.
摘自https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-postgres-import-export。现在你有一个二进制文件。要以纯文本格式获取文件,以下内容对我有用。注意:您需要安装 PostgreSQL。
pg_restore latest.dump > latest.sql