如何为 Python 3.6 安装 NumPy

How to install NumPy for Python 3.6

提问by Jacques de Hooge

I am using Python 3.6b3 for a long running project, developing on Windows. For this project I also need NumPy. I've tried Python36 -m pip install numpy, but it seems that pip is not yet in the beta. What's the best way to install NumPy for Python 3.6b3?

我正在将 Python 3.6b3 用于在 Windows 上开发的长时间运行的项目。对于这个项目，我还需要 NumPy。我已经尝试过 Python36 -m pip install numpy，但似乎 pip 还没有进入测试版。为 Python 3.6b3 安装 NumPy 的最佳方法是什么？

[EDIT: Added installation log, after using ensurepip]

[编辑：添加安装日志，使用ensurepip后]

D:\aaa\numpy-1.12.0b1>call C:\Python36\python.exe -m pip install numpy 
Collecting numpy
  Using cached numpy-1.11.2.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: numpy
  Running setup.py install for numpy: started
    Running setup.py install for numpy: finished with status 'error'
    Complete output from command C:\Python36\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-nmezr3c7-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    Running from numpy source directory.

    Note: if you need reliable uninstall behavior, then install
    with pip instead of using `setup.py install`:

      - `pip install .`       (from a git repo or downloaded source
                               release)
      - `pip install numpy`   (last Numpy release on PyPi)


    blas_opt_info:
    blas_mkl_info:
      libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    openblas_info:
      libraries openblas not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries tatlas not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_blas_info:
      libraries satlas not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_blas_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_blas_info:
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1630: UserWarning:
        Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
        the ATLAS environment variable.
      warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
    blas_info:
      libraries blas not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1639: UserWarning:
        Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
        the BLAS environment variable.
      warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
    blas_src_info:
      NOT AVAILABLE

    C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1642: UserWarning:
        Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
        Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
        the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
      warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
      NOT AVAILABLE

    non-existing path in 'numpy\distutils': 'site.cfg'
    F2PY Version 2
    lapack_opt_info:
    openblas_lapack_info:
      libraries openblas not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    lapack_mkl_info:
      libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_info:
      libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_info:
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\lib
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Python36\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1532: UserWarning:
        Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
        the ATLAS environment variable.
      warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
    lapack_info:
      libraries lapack not found in ['C:\Python36\lib', 'C:\', 'C:\Python36\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1543: UserWarning:
        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
        the LAPACK environment variable.
      warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)
    lapack_src_info:
      NOT AVAILABLE

    C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1546: UserWarning:
        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
        Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
        the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
      warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
      NOT AVAILABLE

    C:\Python36\lib\distutils\dist.py:261: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    running install
    running build
    running config_cc
    unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
    running config_fc
    unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
    running build_src
    build_src
    building py_modules sources
    creating build
    creating build\src.win-amd64-3.6
    creating build\src.win-amd64-3.6\numpy
    creating build\src.win-amd64-3.6\numpy\distutils
    building library "npymath" sources
    No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
    customize GnuFCompiler
    Could not locate executable g77
    Could not locate executable f77
    customize IntelVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable ifort
    Could not locate executable ifl
    customize AbsoftFCompiler
    Could not locate executable f90
    customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable DF
    customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable efl
    customize Gnu95FCompiler
    Could not locate executable gfortran
    Could not locate executable f95
    customize G95FCompiler
    Could not locate executable g95
    customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
    customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
    Could not locate executable efort
    Could not locate executable efc
    don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
    cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Inumpy\core\src\private -Inumpy\core\src -Inumpy\core -Inumpy\core\src\npymath -Inumpy\core\src\multiarray -Inumpy\core\src\umath -Inumpy\core\src\npysort -IC:\Python36\include -IC:\Python36\include /Tc_configtest.c /Fo_configtest.obj
    Could not locate executable cl.exe
    Executable cl.exe does not exist

    failure.
    removing: _configtest.c _configtest.obj
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\setup.py", line 386, in <module>
        setup_package()
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\setup.py", line 378, in setup_package
        setup(**metadata)
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 169, in setup
        return old_setup(**new_attr)
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\install.py", line 62, in run
        r = self.setuptools_run()
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\install.py", line 36, in setuptools_run
        return distutils_install.run(self)
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\command\install.py", line 545, in run
        self.run_command('build')
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build.py", line 47, in run
        old_build.run(self)
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
        self.run_command(cmd_name)
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "C:\Python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 147, in run
        self.build_sources()
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 158, in build_sources
        self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 293, in build_library_sources
        sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
      File "C:\Users\info_000\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-ueljt0po\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 376, in generate_sources
        source = func(extension, build_dir)
      File "numpy\core\setup.py", line 653, in get_mathlib_info
        raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
    RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program

    ----------------------------------------

回答by Thijs van Dien

As long as binary packages (so-called 'wheels') for 3.6 have not been released to PyPi yet, you can resort to unofficial (but working) ones available at http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/. Download the file and install it like this:

只要 3.6 的二进制包（所谓的“轮子”）还没有发布到 PyPi，你就可以求助于http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/ 上提供的非官方（但有效）的包pythonlibs/. 下载文件并像这样安装它：

pip install C:\path\to\numpy?1.11.3+mkl?cp36?cp36m?win_amd64.whl

回答by user7521181

Pip is always be installed in subdirectory \Scriptsof the Python 3.6 install directory.

Pip 始终安装在\ScriptsPython 3.6 安装目录的子目录中。

Open command prompt in windows, change directory to \Scriptsand input pip list, you will see what has been installed, then input pip install numpy, and the numpy will be installed.

在windows中打开命令提示符，将目录更改为\Scripts并输入pip list，您将看到已安装的内容，然后输入pip install numpy，将安装numpy。

回答by Sven Marnach

Pip itself is not part of Python. However, since version 3.4 Python includes the ensurepipmodulethat allows bootstrapping a pip installation. After calling

Pip 本身不是 Python 的一部分。但是，由于版本 3.4 Python 包含允许引导 pip 安装的ensurepip模块。调用后

python3.6 -m ensurepip

you should be able to install numpy via pip.

您应该能够通过 pip 安装 numpy。

回答by Nilesh Kumar

You can install numpy through command prompt using pip install command. Follow the below steps: 1) In your command prompt, go to the scripts folder inside your Python 3.x installation.

您可以使用 pip install 命令通过命令提示符安装 numpy。请按照以下步骤操作： 1) 在命令提示符下，转到 Python 3.x 安装中的脚本文件夹。

2) Type following command on your command prompt

2）在命令提示符下键入以下命令

install numpy

Refer the attached screenshot showing both the steps.

请参阅随附的屏幕截图，其中显示了这两个步骤。

回答by iCart

EDIT: I misread the question, disregard this answer.

编辑：我误读了这个问题，忽略这个答案。

Try manually downloading the wheel from pypiand installing manually. On windows, it should look something like this:

尝试从 pypi手动下载轮子并手动安装。在 Windows 上，它应该是这样的：

C:/path/to/python36/pip.exe install C:/path/to/numpy_foo_.whl

回答by maverickabhi

Here is the list of steps needed to be performed for installing numpy on windows. This worked for me.

以下是在 Windows 上安装 numpy 所需执行的步骤列表。这对我有用。

1. Set path variable for python- C:\Users\XXXXXXX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32
2. Download get-pip.py locally
3. Open cmd and navigate to get-pip.py file
4. run python get-pip.py for installation of PIP
5. set pip path in env variable path - C:\Users\XXXXXXX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts;
6. pip install numpy

1. 为 python 设置路径变量- C:\Users\XXXXXXX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32
2. 在本地下载 get-pip.py
3. 打开 cmd 并导航到 get-pip.py 文件
4. 运行 python get-pip.py 来安装 PIP
5. 在 env 变量路径中设置 pip 路径 - C:\Users\XXXXXXX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts;
6. pip 安装 numpy