Java 如何在 selenium webdriver 的文本字段中一个一个地输入字符？
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How to enter characters one by one in to a text field in selenium webdriver?
提问by Rajendra Narayan Mahapatra
How to enter characters one by one in to a text field in selenium webdriver? I have used the below code but it's not working
如何在 selenium webdriver 的文本字段中一个一个地输入字符？我使用了下面的代码，但它不起作用
getDriver().findElement(By.id("PhoneNumber")).sendKeys(Keys.chord("9876544322"));
Can anybody suggest how to resolve this?
有人可以建议如何解决这个问题吗？
回答by tim-slifer
.chord() will press all keys simultaneously. Not very well suited for field input.
.chord() 将同时按下所有键。不太适合现场输入。
The .sendKeys() method will accept a String. Simply pass your input as such and have a go with it.
.sendKeys() 方法将接受一个字符串。简单地传递您的输入并尝试一下。
driver.findElement(By.id("element")).sendKeys("Field Input Text");
回答by tim-slifer
sendKeys()does enter characters in sequence, but it can at times run quickly enough to be perceived as a copy/paste action. Though, it is in fact intended to simulate a user entering text by typing. Per the sendKeys()JavaDoc:
sendKeys()确实按顺序输入字符，但它有时可以运行得足够快以被视为复制/粘贴操作。尽管如此，它实际上是为了模拟用户通过打字输入文本。根据sendKeys()JavaDoc：
/** Use this method to simulate typing into an element, which may set its value. */
/** 使用这个方法来模拟输入一个元素，它可以设置它的值。*/
If you wanted to slow it down, you could make a method that accepts WebElement and String args, convert the String to charsequence[], then use a for loop and enter each index of the array in the .sendKeys() followed by a Thread.sleep(). This seems horribly inefficient, though, as sendKeys()recognizes Strings as charsequence[](String isa charsequence[]in Java). Adding the Thread.sleep()will only slow your test needlessly.
如果您想减慢速度，您可以创建一个接受 WebElement 和 String args 的方法，将 String 转换为charsequence[]，然后使用 for 循环并在 .sendKeys() 中输入数组的每个索引，后跟一个Thread.sleep()。这似乎很没效率的，但是，作为sendKeys()识别字符串作为charsequence[]（字符串是一个charsequence[]在Java中）。添加Thread.sleep()只会不必要地减慢您的测试速度。
Honestly, sendKeys()fits your described needs. It's the best way to simulate a user at a keyboard, it just does it really fast.
老实说，sendKeys()符合您描述的需求。这是在键盘上模拟用户的最佳方式，它的速度非常快。
回答by Mar?i? Paul
Here is how I am sending character by character using Selenium Webdriver (in Java). This way in the back-end, I verify at each letter press if the character exists in the input. Normal element.sendKeys()is not working well for me 2 out of 5 times - the last letter is missing, I guess something is buggy with Selenium Webdriver, I don't know. Try the code below, it works 100% of the time for me.
这是我如何使用 Selenium Webdriver（在 Java 中）逐个字符发送。这样在后端，我会在每次按下字母时验证输入中是否存在该字符。Normalelement.sendKeys()对我来说 5 次中有 2 次效果不佳 - 最后一个字母丢失了，我想 Selenium Webdriver 有问题，我不知道。试试下面的代码，它对我来说 100% 的时间都有效。
public void TypeInField(String xpath, String value){
String val = value;
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath));
element.clear();
for (int i = 0; i < val.length(); i++){
char c = val.charAt(i);
String s = new StringBuilder().append(c).toString();
element.sendKeys(s);
}
}
As you see, I get the value needed to be typed and in the forloop, I take each character, convert it to string and send it to textbox. Also, I have a search for xpath, you can change that to id, or classname, or whatever you want.
如您所见，我获得了需要输入的值，并在for循环中获取每个字符，将其转换为字符串并将其发送到文本框。另外，我搜索了 xpath，您可以将其更改为 id、类名或任何您想要的。
回答by user10330446
I use this function in my test when I want to type a string letter by letter.
当我想一个字母一个字母地输入一个字符串时，我在我的测试中使用这个函数。
public void typeOnLetterByLetter(WebElement webElement, String value, long waitBetweenLetters, ChronoUnit unitTime) {
clear(webElement);
Arrays.asList(value.toCharArray()).forEach(letter -> {
typeOn(webElement, String.valueOf(letter));
pause(waitBetweenLetters, unitTime);
});
}
private void pause(long time, ChronoUnit unitTime) {
try {
Thread.sleep(Duration.of(time, unitTime).toMillis());
} catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
}
}
回答by Raghav
If you want to make your sendKeys more human like, I've used something like this:
如果你想让你的 sendKeys 更人性化，我使用了这样的东西：
private static void sendHumanKeys(WebElement element, String text) {
Random r = new Random();
for(int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep((int)(r.nextGaussian() * 15 + 100));
} catch(InterruptedException e) {}
String s = new StringBuilder().append(text.charAt(i)).toString();
element.sendKeys(s);
}
}
It sends the keys with a 100ms delay, but only an average of 100ms. It creates a normal distribution with average 100ms and std. deviation 15ms.
它以 100 毫秒的延迟发送密钥，但平均只有 100 毫秒。它创建了一个平均 100ms 和 std 的正态分布。偏差 15ms。
