如何在Ubuntu上安装pip
时间:2020-03-05 15:32:39 来源:igfitidea点击:
pip是一个包管理器,它促进了Python软件包的安装和管理,例如,Python Package索引(PYPI)中包含的软件包。
在本文中,将介绍如何在Ubuntu 18.04上安装和使用pip。
在Ubuntu上安装Python3的pip
默认情况下,Ubuntu 18.04在其安装中附带Python3.
要为Python3安装PIP3,请按以下步骤操作
更新系统
# sudo apt-get update
为Python3安装pip
# sudo apt-get install python3-pip
此命令将pip与构建Python模块所需的所有依赖项一起安装。
示例输出
The following NEW packages will be installed: libpython3-dev libpython3.4 libpython3.4-dev python3-chardet python3-colorama python3-dev python3-distlib python3-html5lib python3-pip python3-requests python3-setuptools python3-six python3-urllib3 python3-wheel python3.4-dev 0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 26 not upgraded. Need to get 20.2 MB of archives. After this operation, 38.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
检查PIP3的版本
要检查PIP的版本,请运行以下命令
# pip3 --version
或者
# pip3 -V
输出
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.5)
在Ubuntu上安装Python2的pip
默认情况下,Python2未在Ubuntu 18.04上安装。
如果要为Python 2安装Python2和PIP,请运行以下命令
更新系统
# sudo apt-get update
为python2安装pip
# sudo apt-get install python-pip
检查PIP版本
验证PIP的安装,运行
# pip --version
或者
# pip -V
输出
# pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)
在包管理中使用pip
现在我们已经看到了如何在不同的Python环境中安装各种版本的PIP,是时候了解如何使用它来安装,升级和卸载软件包。
使用pip安装包
安装Python模块时,建议我们在虚拟环境中执行此操作。
虚拟环境为几个Python项目创建孤立的环境。
这允许我们每个项目安装特定模块,而不担心影响其他Python项目的模块。
使用pip安装包装
# pip3 install package_name
例如
# pip install numpy
输出
Collecting numpy Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/40/c5/f1ed15dd931d6667b40f 1ab1c2fe1f26805fc2b6c3e25e45664f838de9d0/numpy-1.15.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86 _64.whl (13.8MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 13.8MB 3.2MB/s Installing collected packages: numpy Successfully installed numpy-1.15.2 You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 18.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
安装特定版本的包
如果我们想指定特定包运行的安装,
# pip3 install package_name==version no.
例如
# pip3 install numpy=1.15
输出
Collecting numpy==1.15 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/29/b9/479ccb55cc7dcff3d4fc7c8c26d4887846875e7d4f04483a36f335bed712/numpy-1.15.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.8MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 13.8MB 101kB/s Installing collected packages: numpy Successfully installed numpy-1.15.0 You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 18.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
用pip升级包装
使用pip运行将包升级到最新版本
# pip3 install --upgrade package_name
例如,我们从上面的输出中看到了我们运行PIP版本10.0.1.
升级到最新版本为18.1,运行
# pip3 install --upgrade pip
输出
Collecting pip Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 7.5MB/s Installing collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1 Uninstalling pip-10.0.1: Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1 Successfully installed pip-18.1
用pip卸载包装
用pip运行卸载包
# pip3 uninstall package_name
例如
# pip3 uninstall numpy
输出
Uninstalling numpy-1.15.2: Would remove: /usr/local/bin/f2py /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy-1.15.2.dist-info/* /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/* Proceed (y/n)? y
查看更多选项
查看更多PIP运行的PIP选项
# pip3 --help