如何在 Linux 中为每个输出行列出一个文件名？
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How do I list one filename per output line in Linux?
提问by fixxxer
I'm using ls -acommand to get the file names in a directory, but the output is in a single line.
我正在使用ls -a命令获取目录中的文件名，但输出在一行中。
Like this:
像这样：
. .. .bash_history .ssh updater_error_log.txt
I need a built-in alternative to get filenames, each on a new line, like this:
我需要一个内置的替代方法来获取文件名，每个文件名都在一个新行上，如下所示：
.
..
.bash_history
.ssh
updater_error_log.txt
采纳答案by Bert F
Use the -1option (note this is a "one" digit, not a lowercase letter "L"), like this:
使用该-1选项（请注意，这是一个“一个”数字，而不是小写字母“L”），如下所示：
ls -1a
First, though, make sure your lssupports -1. GNU coreutils (installed on standard Linux systems) and Solaris do; but if in doubt, use man lsor ls --helpor check the documentation. E.g.:
不过，首先，请确保您ls支持-1. GNU coreutils（安装在标准 Linux 系统上）和 Solaris 都可以；但如果有疑问，请使用man ls或ls --help或查看文档。例如：
$ man ls
...
-1 list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with -q or -b
回答by Peter G.
Yes, you can easily make lsoutput one filename per line:
是的，您可以轻松地使ls每行输出一个文件名：
ls -a | cat
Explanation: The command lssenses if the output is to a terminal or to a file or pipe and adjusts accordingly.
说明：该命令ls检测输出是到终端还是文件或管道，并相应地进行调整。
So, if you pipe ls -ato python it should work without any special measures.
因此，如果您通过管道连接ls -a到 python，它应该可以在没有任何特殊措施的情况下工作。
回答by Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'
Ls is designed for human consumption, and you should not parse its output.
ls 是为人类设计的，你不应该解析它的输出。
In shell scripts, there are a few cases where parsing the output of ls does work is the simplest way of achieving the desired effect. Since ls might mangle non-ASCII and control characters in file names, these cases are a subset of those that do not require obtaining a file name from ls.
在 shell 脚本中，在少数情况下，解析 ls 的输出确实是实现预期效果的最简单方法。由于 ls 可能会破坏文件名中的非 ASCII 字符和控制字符，因此这些情况是不需要从ls.
In python, there is absolutely no reason to invoke ls. Python has all of ls's functionality built-in. Use os.listdirto list the contents of a directory and os.stator osto obtain file metadata. Other functions in the osmodules are likely to be relevant to your problem as well.
在 python 中，绝对没有理由调用ls. Python 具有ls内置的所有功能。使用os.listdir列出目录的内容，os.stat或者os获取文件的元数据。os模块中的其他功能也可能与您的问题相关。
If you're accessing remote files over ssh, a reasonably robust way of listing file names is through sftp:
如果您通过 ssh 访问远程文件，列出文件名的一种相当可靠的方法是通过 sftp：
echo ls -1 | sftp remote-site:dir
This prints one file name per line, and unlike the lsutility, sftpdoes not mangle nonprintable characters. You will still not be able to reliably list directories where a file name contains a newline, but that's rarely done (remember this as a potential security issue, not a usability issue).
这将每行打印一个文件名，并且与该ls实用程序不同，sftp它不会破坏不可打印的字符。您仍然无法可靠地列出文件名包含换行符的目录，但很少这样做（记住这是一个潜在的安全问题，而不是可用性问题）。
In python (beware that shell metacharacters must be escapes in remote_dir):
在 python 中（注意 shell 元字符必须在 中转义remote_dir）：
command_line = "echo ls -1 | sftp " + remote_site + ":" + remote_dir
remote_files = os.popen(command_line).read().split("\n")
For more complex interactions, look up sftp's batch mode in the documentation.
对于更复杂的交互，请在文档中查找 sftp 的批处理模式。
On some systems (Linux, Mac?OS?X, perhaps some other unices, but definitely not Windows), a different approach is to mount a remote filesystem through ssh with sshfs, and then work locally.
在某些系统（Linux、Mac?OS?X，也许是其他一些 unices，但绝对不是 Windows）上，另一种方法是通过 ssh 和sshfs挂载远程文件系统，然后在本地工作。
回答by ILF
you can use ls -1
您可以使用 ls -1
ls -lwill also do the work
ls -l也会做这项工作
回答by 8bittree
Easy, as long as your filenames don't include newlines:
很简单，只要您的文件名不包含换行符：
find . -maxdepth 1
If you're piping this into another command, you should probably prefer to separate your filenames by null bytes, rather than newlines, since null bytes cannot occur in a filename (but newlines may):
如果您将其传递到另一个命令中，您可能更喜欢用空字节而不是换行符分隔文件名，因为空字节不能出现在文件名中（但换行符可能）：
find . -maxdepth 1 -print0
Printing that on a terminal will probably display as one line, because null bytes are not normally printed. Some programs may need a specific option to handle null-delimited input, such as sort's -z. Your own script similarly would need to account for this.
在终端上打印它可能会显示为一行，因为通常不会打印空字节。某些程序可能需要特定选项来处理以空分隔的输入，例如sort's -z。您自己的脚本同样需要考虑到这一点。
