bash 如何使用文件名创建文件夹，然后将文件移动到文件夹中？
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How to create folders using file names and then move files into folders?
提问by jrara
I have hundreds of text files in a folder named using this kind of naming convention:
我在使用这种命名约定命名的文件夹中有数百个文本文件：
Bandname1 - song1.txt
Bandname1 - song2.txt
Bandname2 - song1.txt
Bandname2 - song2.txt
Bandname2 - song3.txt
Bandname3 - song1.txt
..etc.
I would like to create folders for different bands and move according text files into these folders. How could I achieve this using bash, perl or python script?
我想为不同的乐队创建文件夹并根据文本文件移动到这些文件夹中。我如何使用 bash、perl 或 python 脚本实现这一目标？
采纳答案by bjlaub
gregseth's answer will work, just replace trimwith xargs. You could also eliminate the iftest by just using mkdir -p, for example:
gregseth的答案会起作用，只需替换trim为xargs. 您还可以if仅使用 来消除测试mkdir -p，例如：
for f in *.txt; do
band=$(echo "$f" | cut -d'-' -f1 | xargs)
mkdir -p "$band"
mv "$f" "$band"
done
Strictly speaking the trimor xargsshouldn't even be necessary, but xargswill at least remove any extra formatting, so it doesn't hurt.
严格来说，trim或xargs什至不应该是必要的，但xargs至少会删除任何额外的格式，所以它不会受到伤害。
回答by Paused until further notice.
It's not necessary to use trim or xargs:
没有必要使用trim或xargs：
for f in *.txt; do
band=${f% - *}
mkdir -p "$band"
mv "$f" "$band"
done
回答by ghostdog74
with Perl
使用 Perl
use File::Copy move;
while (my $file= <*.txt> ){
my ($band,$others) = split /\s+-\s+/ ,$file ;
mkdir $band;
move($file, $band);
}
回答by John Feminella
You asked for a specific script, but if this is for organizing your music, you might want to check out EasyTAG. It has extremely specific and powerful rules that you can customize to organize your music however you want:
您要求提供特定脚本，但如果这是为了组织您的音乐，您可能需要查看EasyTAG。它具有非常具体和强大的规则，您可以自定义这些规则来组织您想要的音乐：
(source: sourceforge.net)
（来源：sourceforge.net）
This rule says, "assume my file names are in the structure "[artist] - [album title]/[track number] - [title]". Then you can tag them as such, or move the files around to any new pattern, or do pretty much anything else.
这条规则说，“假设我的文件名在结构“[艺术家] - [专辑名称]/[曲目编号] - [标题]”中。然后你可以这样标记它们，或者将文件移动到任何新模式，或者几乎可以做任何其他事情。
回答by gregseth
How about this:
这个怎么样：
for f in *.txt
do
band=$(echo "$f" | cut -d'-' -f1 | trim)
if [ -d "$band" ]
then
mkdir "$band"
fi
mv "$f" "$band"
done
回答by Michael Easter
This Python program assumes that the source files are in dataand that the new directory structure should be in target(and that it already exists).
这个 Python 程序假定源文件在data，并且新的目录结构应该在target（并且它已经存在）。
The key point is that os.path.walkwill traverse the datadirectory structure and call myVisitorfor each file.
关键是os.path.walk会遍历data目录结构并调用myVisitor每个文件。
import os
import os.path
sourceDir = "data"
targetDir = "target"
def myVisitor(arg, dirname, names):
for file in names:
bandDir = file.split("-")[0]
newDir = os.path.join(targetDir, bandDir)
if (not os.path.exists(newDir)):
os.mkdir(newDir)
newName = os.path.join(newDir, file)
oldName = os.path.join(dirname, file)
os.rename(oldName, newName)
os.path.walk(sourceDir, myVisitor, None)
回答by jfs
ls |perl -lne'$f=$_; s/(.+?) - [^-]*\.txt//; mkdir unless -d; rename $f, "$_/$f"'
