如何在python中获取所有已初始化对象和函数定义的列表？
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How to get the list of all initialized objects and function definitions alive in python?
提问by
Say that in the python shell (IDLE) I have defined some classes, functions, variables. Also created objects of the classes. Then I deleted some of the objects and created some others. At a later point in time, how can I get to know what are the currently active objects, variables, and methods definitions active in the memory?
假设在 python shell (IDLE) 中我定义了一些类、函数、变量。还创建了类的对象。然后我删除了一些对象并创建了一些其他对象。在稍后的某个时间点，我如何才能知道内存中当前活动的对象、变量和方法定义是什么？
采纳答案by Lennart Regebro
Yes.
是的。
>>> import gc
>>> gc.get_objects()
Not that you'll find that useful. There is a lotof them. :-) Over 4000 just when you start Python.
并不是说你会发现它很有用。有很多。:-) 仅当您启动 Python 时就超过 4000。
Possibly a bit more useful is all the variables active locally:
可能更有用的是所有本地活动的变量：
>>> locals()
And the one active globally:
还有一个在全球活跃的：
>>> globals()
(Note that "globally" in Python isn't really globalas such. For that, you need the gc.get_objects()above, and that you are unlikely to ever find useful, as mentioned).
（请注意，Python 中的“全局”并不是真正的全局。为此，您需要gc.get_objects()上述内容，并且如上所述，您不太可能觉得有用）。
回答by skjerns
The function gc.get_objects()will not find all objects, e.g. numpy arrays will not be found.
该函数gc.get_objects()不会找到所有对象，例如不会找到 numpy 数组。
import numpy as np
import gc
a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = gc.get_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will not find the numpy array
You will need a function that expands all objects, as explained here
您将需要一个可扩展的所有对象的功能，如解释在这里
# code from https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/python/GetAllObjects
import gc
# Recursively expand slist's objects
# into olist, using seen to track
# already processed objects.
def _getr(slist, olist, seen):
for e in slist:
if id(e) in seen:
continue
seen[id(e)] = None
olist.append(e)
tl = gc.get_referents(e)
if tl:
_getr(tl, olist, seen)
# The public function.
def get_all_objects():
"""Return a list of all live Python
objects, not including the list itself."""
gcl = gc.get_objects()
olist = []
seen = {}
# Just in case:
seen[id(gcl)] = None
seen[id(olist)] = None
seen[id(seen)] = None
# _getr does the real work.
_getr(gcl, olist, seen)
return olist
Now we should be able to find mostobjects
现在我们应该能够找到大多数对象
import numpy as np
import gc
a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = get_all_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will return True, the np.ndarray is found!
