使用 Spring 启动和设置内存数据库
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Start and setup in-memory DB using Spring
提问by martin
I'm writing a small demo application in Java using Spring, that needs to have access to a database. It should run on different machines and it would be far too much effort to setup a real database. Therefore I want to use an embedded one.
我正在使用 Spring 用 Java 编写一个小型演示应用程序，它需要访问数据库。它应该在不同的机器上运行，设置一个真正的数据库会花费太多精力。因此我想使用嵌入式。
The DB has a given schema (two tables) and some (very few) pre-defined entries. I'm looking for a simple way to start an in-memory database, create the tables and fill in the data. All of this should happen while initializing the Spring context.
DB 有一个给定的模式（两个表）和一些（很少）预定义的条目。我正在寻找一种简单的方法来启动内存数据库、创建表并填充数据。所有这些都应该在初始化 Spring 上下文时发生。
My approach would be to use H2 as my database and then maybe Spring Batch to load the data from csv- or xml-files. However I was hoping there might be an easier way to achieve this. Are there any databases/frameworks/tools that can do this out-of-the-box?
我的方法是使用 H2 作为我的数据库，然后使用 Spring Batch 从 csv 或 xml 文件加载数据。但是，我希望可能有一种更简单的方法来实现这一目标。是否有任何数据库/框架/工具可以开箱即用？
It would only take a few SQL-commands to set-up everything I need. I'm looking for a way to do this in a Spring-environment as simple as possible.
只需要几个 SQL 命令来设置我需要的一切。我正在寻找一种在 Spring 环境中尽可能简单地做到这一点的方法。
回答by axtavt
Spring has some built-in embedded database support, see embedded database support in the documentation.
Spring 有一些内置的嵌入式数据库支持，请参阅文档中的嵌入式数据库支持 。
回答by Thomas Mueller
With H2, you could initialize the database in the database URL itself. Example: you have a SQL script 'start.sql' that contains all the scripts to initialize. This can also include creating the tables from CSV file. Then use a database URL of the form jdbc:h2:~/temp/test;init=runscript from '~/temp/start.sql'. The start.sql could look like this (this is an example I'm working on anyway - it shows how to create tables from a CSV file):
使用 H2，您可以在数据库 URL 本身中初始化数据库。示例：您有一个 SQL 脚本“start.sql”，其中包含要初始化的所有脚本。这还可以包括从 CSV 文件创建表。然后使用表单的数据库 URL jdbc:h2:~/temp/test;init=runscript from '~/temp/start.sql'。start.sql 可能看起来像这样（无论如何，这是我正在处理的一个示例 - 它显示了如何从 CSV 文件创建表）：
create table if not exists location(id int primary key, country varchar,
region varchar, city varchar, postalCode varchar, latitude float, longitude float,
metroCode varchar, areaCode varchar)
as select * from csvread('~/Downloads/GeoLiteCity/GeoLiteCity-Location.csv');
create table if not exists blocks(start long, end long primary key, location int)
as select * from csvread('~/Downloads/GeoLiteCity/GeoLiteCity-Blocks.csv');
create alias if not exists ip2id deterministic as $$
long ip2id(String s) {
String[] x = s.split("\.");
return (Long.parseLong(x[0]) << 24) + (Long.parseLong(x[1]) << 16) +
(Long.parseLong(x[2]) << 8) + Long.parseLong(x[3]);
} $$;
create alias if not exists id2ip deterministic as $$
String id2ip(long x) {
return (x >> 24) + "." + ((x >> 16) & 255) + "." +
((x >> 8) & 255) + "." + (x & 255);
} $$;
回答by Aravind Yarram
Spring 3 added more support for embedded databases starting from 3 with the help of jdbc:embedded-databaseelement. Read this tutorialfor more information.
在jdbc:embedded-database元素的帮助下，Spring 3 从 3 开始增加了对嵌入式数据库的更多支持。阅读本教程以获取更多信息。
I'd also recommend using Derby as it comes bundled with JDK 6.
我还建议使用 Derby，因为它与 JDK 6 捆绑在一起。
