按组名获取组 ID（Python、Unix）
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get group id by group name (Python, Unix)
提问by SimonSalman
I want to use Python to get the group id to a corresponding group name. The routine must work for Unix-like OS (Linux and Mac OS X).
我想使用 Python 将组 id 获取到相应的组名。该例程必须适用于类 Unix 操作系统（Linux 和 Mac OS X）。
This is what I found so far
这是我目前发现的
>>> import grp
>>> for g in grp.getgrall():
... if g[0] == 'wurzel':
... print g[2]
回答by Martijn Pieters
If you read the grp module documentationyou'll see that grp.getgrnam(groupname) will return one entry from the group database, which is a tuple-like object. You can either access the information by index or by attribute:
如果您阅读grp 模块文档，您将看到 grp.getgrnam(groupname) 将从组数据库中返回一个条目，它是一个类似元组的对象。您可以通过索引或属性访问信息：
>>> import grp
>>> groupinfo = grp.getgrnam('root')
>>> print groupinfo[2]
0
>>> print groupinfo.gr_gid
0
Other entries are the name, the encrypted password (usually empty, if using a shadow file, it'll be a dummy value) and all group member names. This works fine on any Unix system, including my Mac OS X laptop:
其他条目是名称、加密密码（通常为空，如果使用影子文件，它将是一个虚拟值）和所有组成员名称。这适用于任何 Unix 系统，包括我的 Mac OS X 笔记本电脑：
>>> import grp
>>> admin = grp.getgrnam('admin')
>>> admin
('admin', '*', 80, ['root', 'admin', 'mj'])
>>> admin.gr_name
'admin'
>>> admin.gr_gid
80
>>> admin.gr_mem
['root', 'admin', 'mj']
The module also offers a method to get entries by gid, and as you discovered, a method to loop over all entries in the database:
该模块还提供了一种通过 gid 获取条目的方法，正如您发现的那样，该模块还提供了一种遍历数据库中所有条目的方法：
>>> grp.getgrgid(80)
('admin', '*', 80, ['root', 'admin', 'mj'])
>>> len(grp.getgrall())
73
Last but not least, python offers similar functionality to get information on the password and shadow files, in the pwdand spwdmodules, which have a similar API.
最后但同样重要的是，python 在pwd和spwd模块中提供了类似的功能来获取有关密码和影子文件的信息，它们具有类似的 API。
回答by gimel
See grp.getgrnam(name):
grp.getgrnam(name)Return the group database entry for the given group name. KeyError is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.
Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes correspond to the members of the group structure:
grp.getgrnam(name)返回给定组名的组数据库条目。如果找不到要求的条目，则会引发 KeyError。
组数据库条目报告为类似元组的对象，其属性对应于组结构的成员：
Index Attribute Meaning
0 gr_name the name of the group
1 gr_passwd the (encrypted) group password; often empty
2 gr_gid the numerical group ID
3 gr_mem all the group member's user names
The numerical group ID is at index 2, or 2nd from last, or the attribute gr_gid.
数字组 ID 位于索引 2 处，或倒数第二个，或属性gr_gid。
GID of rootis 0:
GIDroot为 0：
>>> grp.getgrnam('root')
('root', 'x', 0, ['root'])
>>> grp.getgrnam('root')[-2]
0
>>> grp.getgrnam('root').gr_gid
0
>>>
回答by user11122920
Using perl:
使用 perl：
$grp_id = getgrnam($ARGV[0]);
print $grp_id."\n";
