Python 请求：如何禁用/绕过代理

requests: how to disable / bypass proxy

提问by t777

I am getting an url with:

我得到一个网址：

r = requests.get("http://myserver.com")

As I can see in the 'access.log' of "myserver.com", the client's system proxy is used. But I want to disable using proxies at all with requests.

正如我在“myserver.com”的“access.log”中看到的那样，使用了客户端的系统代理。但我想完全禁止使用代理requests。

采纳答案by Lukas Graf

The only way I'm currently aware of for disabling proxies entirelyis the following:

我目前知道的完全禁用代理的唯一方法如下：

• Create a session
• Set session.trust_envto False
• Create your request using that session

• 创建会话
• 设置session.trust_env为False
• 使用该会话创建您的请求

import requests

session = requests.Session()
session.trust_env = False

response = session.get('http://www.stackoverflow.com')

This is based on this comment by Lukasaand the (limited) documentation for requests.Session.trust_env.

这是基于Lukasa 的此评论和requests.Session.trust_env.

Note:Setting trust_envto Falsealso ignores the following:

注意：设置trust_env为False也会忽略以下内容：

• Authentication information from .netrc(code)
• CA bundles defined in REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLEor CURL_CA_BUNDLE(code)

• 来自.netrc（代码）的认证信息
• REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE或CURL_CA_BUNDLE（代码）中定义的 CA 包

---

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If however you only want to disable proxies for a particular domain (like localhost), you can use the NO_PROXYenvironment variable:

但是，如果您只想禁用特定域的代理（如localhost），则可以使用NO_PROXY环境变量：

import os
import requests

os.environ['NO_PROXY'] = 'stackoverflow.com'

response = requests.get('http://www.stackoverflow.com')

回答by KostasT

requests library respects environment variables. http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies

请求库尊重环境变量。 http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies

So try deleting environment variables HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY.

所以尝试删除环境变量 HTTP_PROXY 和 HTTPS_PROXY。

import os
for k in list(os.environ.keys()):
    if k.lower().endswith('_proxy'):
        del os.environ[k]

回答by jtpereyda

You can choose proxies for each request. From the docs:

您可以为每个请求选择代理。从文档：

import requests

proxies = {
  "http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128",
  "https": "http://10.10.1.10:1080",
}

requests.get("http://example.org", proxies=proxies)

So to disable the proxy, just set each one to None:

所以要禁用代理，只需将每个设置为无：

import requests

proxies = {
  "http": None,
  "https": None,
}

requests.get("http://example.org", proxies=proxies)

回答by Pierz

The way to stop requests/urllib from proxying any requests is to set the the no_proxy(or NO_PROXY) environment variable to *e.g. in bash:

阻止 requests/urllib 代理任何请求的方法是将no_proxy（或NO_PROXY）环境变量设置为*例如在 bash 中：

export no_proxy='*'

Or from Python:

或者来自 Python：

import os
os.environ['no_proxy'] = '*' 

To understand why this works is because the urllib.request.getproxiesfunction first checks for any proxies set in the environment variables (e.g. http_proxy etc) or if none are set then it will check for system configured proxies using platform specific calls (e.g. On MacOS it will check using the system scutil/configd interfaces, and on Windows it will check the Registry).

要理解为什么这样做是因为urllib.request.getproxies函数首先检查环境变量中设置的任何代理（例如 http_proxy 等），或者如果没有设置，则它将使用特定于平台的调用检查系统配置的代理（例如在 MacOS 上）它将使用系统 scutil/configd 接口进行检查，在 Windows 上它将检查注册表）。

Then when urllib attempts to use any proxies the proxyHandlerfunction it will check for the presence and setting of the no_proxyenvironment variable - which can either be set to specific hostnames as mentioned above or it can be set the special *value whereby all hosts bypass the proxy.

然后，当 urllib 尝试使用任何代理时，该proxyHandler函数将检查no_proxy环境变量的存在和设置- 可以将其设置为如上所述的特定主机名，也可以设置特殊*值，从而所有主机都绕过代理。