C# 如何确定给定颜色的更深或更浅的颜色变体？
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How do I determine darker or lighter color variant of a given color?
提问by Nidonocu
Given a source color of any hue by the system or user, I'd like a simple algorithm I can use to work out a lighter or darker variants of the selected color. Similar to effects used on Windows Live Messenger for styling the user interface.
给定系统或用户的任何色调的源颜色，我想要一个简单的算法，我可以使用它来计算出所选颜色的更浅或更深的变体。类似于在 Windows Live Messenger 上用于设置用户界面样式的效果。
Language is C# with .net 3.5.
语言是带有 .net 3.5 的 C#。
Responding to comment:Color format is (Alpha)RGB. With values as bytes or floats.
回应评论：颜色格式为（Alpha）RGB。将值作为字节或浮点数。
Marking answer:For the context of my use (a few simple UI effects), the answer I'm marking as accepted is actually the most simple for this context. However, I've given up votes to the more complex and accurate answers too. Anyone doing more advanced color operations and finding this thread in future should definitely check those out. Thanks SO. :)
标记答案：对于我使用的上下文（一些简单的 UI 效果），我标记为已接受的答案实际上是此上下文中最简单的。但是，我也放弃了对更复杂和准确的答案的投票。任何进行更高级颜色操作并在将来找到此线程的人都应该检查一下。谢谢。:)
采纳答案by clahey
Simply multiply the RGB values by the amount you want to modify the level by. If one of the colors is already at the max value, then you can't make it any brighter (using HSV math anyway.)
只需将 RGB 值乘以您想要修改级别的数量。如果其中一种颜色已经达到最大值，那么你就不能让它更亮（无论如何都要使用 HSV 数学。）
This gives the exact same result with a lot less math as switching to HSV and then modifying V. This gives the same result as switching to HSL and then modifying L, as long as you don't want to start losing saturation.
这给出了与切换到 HSV 然后修改 V 完全相同的结果，但数学运算要少得多。 只要您不想开始失去饱和度，这与切换到 HSL 然后修改 L 的结果相同。
回答by Nils Pipenbrinck
You can convert your color into the HSL color-space, manipulate it there and convert back to your color-space of choice (most likely that's RGB)
您可以将您的颜色转换为 HSL 颜色空间，在那里对其进行操作并转换回您选择的颜色空间（很可能是 RGB）
Lighter colors have a higher L-value, darker a lower.
颜色越浅，L 值越高，颜色越深，L 值越低。
Here's the relevant stuff and all the equations:
这是相关的东西和所有的方程式：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_color_space
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_color_space
Another method is to simply interpolate your color with white or black. This will also desaturate the color a bit but it's cheaper to calculate.
另一种方法是简单地用白色或黑色插入颜色。这也会稍微降低颜色的饱和度，但计算起来更便宜。
回答by Dima
Assuming you get the color as RGB, first convert it to HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space. Then increase/decrease the value to produce lighter/darker shade of the color. Then convert back to RGB.
假设您将颜色设为 RGB，首先将其转换为 HSV（色调、饱和度、值）颜色空间。然后增加/减少该值以产生更浅/更深的颜色阴影。然后转换回RGB。
回答by KPexEA
HSV ( Hue / Saturation / Value ) also called HSL ( Hue / Saturation / Lightness ) is just a different color representation.
HSV（色相/饱和度/值）也称为HSL（色相/饱和度/亮度）只是一种不同的颜色表示。
Using this representation is it easier to adjust the brightness. So convert from RGB to HSV, brighten the 'V', then convert back to RGB.
使用这种表示可以更容易地调整亮度。因此，从 RGB 转换为 HSV，使“V”变亮，然后再转换回 RGB。
Below is some C code to convert
下面是一些要转换的C代码
void RGBToHSV(unsigned char cr, unsigned char cg, unsigned char cb,double *ph,double *ps,double *pv)
{
double r,g,b;
double max, min, delta;
/* convert RGB to [0,1] */
r = (double)cr/255.0f;
g = (double)cg/255.0f;
b = (double)cb/255.0f;
max = MAXx(r,(MAXx(g,b)));
min = MINx(r,(MINx(g,b)));
pv[0] = max;
/* Calculate saturation */
if (max != 0.0)
ps[0] = (max-min)/max;
else
ps[0] = 0.0;
if (ps[0] == 0.0)
{
ph[0] = 0.0f; //UNDEFINED;
return;
}
/* chromatic case: Saturation is not 0, so determine hue */
delta = max-min;
if (r==max)
{
ph[0] = (g-b)/delta;
}
else if (g==max)
{
ph[0] = 2.0 + (b-r)/delta;
}
else if (b==max)
{
ph[0] = 4.0 + (r-g)/delta;
}
ph[0] = ph[0] * 60.0;
if (ph[0] < 0.0)
ph[0] += 360.0;
}
void HSVToRGB(double h,double s,double v,unsigned char *pr,unsigned char *pg,unsigned char *pb)
{
int i;
double f, p, q, t;
double r,g,b;
if( s == 0 )
{
// achromatic (grey)
r = g = b = v;
}
else
{
h /= 60; // sector 0 to 5
i = (int)floor( h );
f = h - i; // factorial part of h
p = v * ( 1 - s );
q = v * ( 1 - s * f );
t = v * ( 1 - s * ( 1 - f ) );
switch( i )
{
case 0:
r = v;
g = t;
b = p;
break;
case 1:
r = q;
g = v;
b = p;
break;
case 2:
r = p;
g = v;
b = t;
break;
case 3:
r = p;
g = q;
b = v;
break;
case 4:
r = t;
g = p;
b = v;
break;
default: // case 5:
r = v;
g = p;
b = q;
break;
}
}
r*=255;
g*=255;
b*=255;
pr[0]=(unsigned char)r;
pg[0]=(unsigned char)g;
pb[0]=(unsigned char)b;
}
回答by alastairs
If your colours are in RGB format (or, presumably CMYK), you can use the fairly crude method of increasing the value of each component of the colour. E.g., in HTML colours are represented as three two-digit hex numbers. #ff0000 will give you a bright red, which can then be faded by increasing the values of the G and B componenets by the same amount, such as #ff5555 (gives a lighter red). Presumably for Hue, Saturation and Lightness (HSL) colours, you can just raise the L component, but I can't say for certain; I'm less familiar with this colour space.
如果您的颜色是 RGB 格式（或者，大概是 CMYK），您可以使用相当粗略的方法来增加颜色的每个分量的值。例如，在 HTML 中，颜色表示为三个两位的十六进制数字。#ff0000 会给你一个亮红色，然后可以通过将 G 和 B 组件的值增加相同的数量来淡化，例如#ff5555（给出更浅的红色）。大概对于色相、饱和度和亮度 (HSL) 颜色，您可以只提高 L 分量，但我不能肯定；我对这个色彩空间不太熟悉。
As I say, though, this method is quite crude. From my memories of Live Messenger, it sounds like you're trying to do gradients, which can be applied really quite easily in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF, part of .NET 3.0). WPF supports many different types of gradient brush, including linear and radial gradients.
不过，正如我所说，这种方法非常粗糙。根据我对 Live Messenger 的记忆，听起来您正在尝试进行渐变，这在 Windows Presentation Foundation（WPF，.NET 3.0 的一部分）中可以非常轻松地应用。WPF 支持许多不同类型的渐变画笔，包括线性渐变和径向渐变。
I can highly recommend Adam Nathan's book Windows Presentation Foundation Unleashedas a good and thorough introduction to WPF.
我强烈推荐 Adam Nathan 的书Windows Presentation Foundation Unleashed作为对 WPF 的一个很好的全面介绍。
HTH
HTH
回答by sachaa
If you are using RGB colors I would transform this color paramaters to HSL(hue, saturation, lightness), modify the lightness parameter and then transform back to RGB. Google around and you'll find a lot of code samples on how to do these color representation transformations (RGB to HSL and viceversa).
如果您使用的是 RGB 颜色，我会将这些颜色参数转换为HSL（色调、饱和度、亮度），修改亮度参数，然后再转换回 RGB。谷歌一下，你会发现很多关于如何进行这些颜色表示转换（RGB 到 HSL，反之亦然）的代码示例。
This is what I quickly found: http://bytes.com/forum/thread250450.html
这是我很快发现的：http: //bytes.com/forum/thread250450.html
回答by clahey
Any variations in color are better done in HSL/HSV.
在 HSL/HSV 中可以更好地完成颜色的任何变化。
A good test is to interpolate between two equivalent values in RGB space and HSL space. The ramp in HSL space looks like a natural progression. In RGB space it typically looks quite unnatural. HSL maps to our visual color space perception much better than RGB.
一个很好的测试是在 RGB 空间和 HSL 空间中的两个等效值之间进行插值。HSL 空间的斜坡看起来是一个自然的过程。在 RGB 空间中，它通常看起来很不自然。HSL 映射到我们的视觉色彩空间感知比 RGB 好得多。
回答by DarenW
I'm guessing you're using RGB with byte values (0 to 255) as that's very common everywhere.
我猜你正在使用带有字节值（0 到 255）的 RGB，因为这在任何地方都很常见。
For brighter, average the RGB values with the RGB of white. Or, to have some control over how much brightening, mix in them in some proportion. Let fvary from 0.0 to 1.0, then:
为了更亮，用白色的 RGB 平均 RGB 值。或者，为了控制增亮的程度，按一定比例混合它们。让f变化从 0.0 到 1.0，然后：
Rnew = (1-f)*R + f*255
Gnew = (1-f)*G + f*255
Bnew = (1-f)*B + f*255
For darker, use the RGB of black - which, being all zeros, makes the math easier.
对于更暗的颜色，请使用黑色的 RGB - 它全为零，使数学更容易。
I leave out details such as converting the result back into bytes, which probably you'd want to do.
我省略了一些细节，例如将结果转换回字节，这可能是您想要做的。
回答by DarenW
The idea of converting to HSV or some other color space seems good, and may be necessary for precise color work, but for ordinary purposes the error of working in RGB may not be enough to matter. Also, it can be a pain to deal with boundary cases: RGB is a cube-shaped space, while HSV is not. If working with byte values, you can have many-to-one and one-to-many mappings between the spaces. This may or may not be a problem depending on the application. YMMV
转换为 HSV 或其他一些颜色空间的想法似乎不错，并且对于精确的颜色工作可能是必要的，但对于普通目的，在 RGB 中工作的错误可能还不够重要。此外，处理边界情况可能会很痛苦：RGB 是一个立方体形状的空间，而 HSV 不是。如果使用字节值，则可以在空间之间进行多对一和一对多映射。这可能是也可能不是问题，具体取决于应用程序。青年会
回答by Travis Illig
Rich Newman discusses HSL colorwith respect to .NET System.Drawing.Color on his blog and even provides an HSLColor classthat does all the work for you. Convert your System.Drawing.Color to an HSLColor, add/subtract values against the Luminosity, and convert back to System.Drawing.Color for use in your app.
Rich Newman在他的博客上讨论了关于 .NET System.Drawing.Color 的HSL 颜色，甚至提供了一个 HSLColor 类来为您完成所有工作。将您的 System.Drawing.Color 转换为 HSLColor，根据亮度添加/减去值，然后转换回 System.Drawing.Color 以在您的应用程序中使用。
