如何在 Unix / Linux 中获取进程的路径

How do I get the path of a process in Unix / Linux

提问by lsalamon

In Windows environment there is an API to obtain the path which is running a process. Is there something similar in Unix / Linux?

在 Windows 环境中，有一个 API 来获取正在运行进程的路径。Unix / Linux 中有类似的东西吗？

Or is there some other way to do that in these environments?

或者在这些环境中是否有其他方法可以做到这一点？

采纳答案by jpalecek

On Linux, the symlink /proc/<pid>/exehas the path of the executable. Use the command readlink -f /proc/<pid>/exeto get the value.

在 Linux 上，符号链接/proc/<pid>/exe具有可执行文件的路径。使用命令readlink -f /proc/<pid>/exe获取值。

On AIX, this file does not exist. You could compare cksum <actual path to binary>and cksum /proc/<pid>/object/a.out.

在 AIX 上，此文件不存在。你可以比较cksum <actual path to binary>和cksum /proc/<pid>/object/a.out。

回答by hyperboreean

In Linux every process has its own folder in /proc. So you could use getpid()to get the pid of the running process and then join it with the path /procto get the folder you hopefully need.

在 Linux 中，每个进程在/proc. 因此，您可以使用getpid()获取正在运行的进程的 pid，然后将其与路径连接/proc以获取您希望需要的文件夹。

Here's a short example in Python:

这是 Python 中的一个简短示例：

import os
print os.path.join('/proc', str(os.getpid()))

Here's the example in ANSI C as well:

这也是 ANSI C 中的示例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>


int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    pid_t pid = getpid();

    fprintf(stdout, "Path to current process: '/proc/%d/'\n", (int)pid);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Compile it with:

编译它：

gcc -Wall -Werror -g -ansi -pedantic process_path.c -oprocess_path 

回答by Vatine

There's no "guaranteed to work anywhere" method.

没有“保证在任何地方工作”的方法。

Step 1 is to check argv[0], if the program was started by its full path, this would (usually) have the full path. If it was started by a relative path, the same holds (though this requires getting teh current working directory, using getcwd().

第 1 步是检查 argv[0]，如果程序是由它的完整路径启动的，这（通常）会有完整路径。如果它是由相对路径启动的，则同样适用（尽管这需要使用 getcwd() 获取当前工作目录）。

Step 2, if none of the above holds, is to get the name of the program, then get the name of the program from argv[0], then get the user's PATH from the environment and go through that to see if there's a suitable executable binary with the same name.

第2步，如果以上都不成立，就是获取程序名称，然后从argv[0]中获取程序名称，然后从环境中获取用户的PATH并通过它看看是否有合适的具有相同名称的可执行二进制文件。

Note that argv[0] is set by the process that execs the program, so it is not 100% reliable.

请注意，argv[0] 是由执行程序的进程设置的，因此它不是 100% 可靠的。

回答by Hiperion

A little bit late, but all the answers were specific to linux.

有点晚了，但所有的答案都是针对 linux 的。

If you need also unix, then you need this:

如果你还需要unix，那么你需要这个：

char * getExecPath (char * path,size_t dest_len, char * argv0)
{
    char * baseName = NULL;
    char * systemPath = NULL;
    char * candidateDir = NULL;

    /* the easiest case: we are in linux */
    size_t buff_len;
    if (buff_len = readlink ("/proc/self/exe", path, dest_len - 1) != -1)
    {
        path [buff_len] = '
#!/bin/bash
# @author Lukas Gottschall
PID=`ps aux | grep precessname | grep -v grep | awk '{ print  }'`
PATH=`ls -ald --color=never /proc/$PID/exe | awk '{ print  }'`
echo $PATH
';
        dirname (path);
        strcat  (path, "/");
        return path;
    }

    /* Ups... not in linux, no  guarantee */

    /* check if we have something like execve("foobar", NULL, NULL) */
    if (argv0 == NULL)
    {
        /* we surrender and give current path instead */
        if (getcwd (path, dest_len) == NULL) return NULL;
        strcat  (path, "/");
        return path;
    }


    /* argv[0] */
    /* if dest_len < PATH_MAX may cause buffer overflow */
    if ((realpath (argv0, path)) && (!access (path, F_OK)))
    {
        dirname (path);
        strcat  (path, "/");
        return path;
    }

    /* Current path */
    baseName = basename (argv0);
    if (getcwd (path, dest_len - strlen (baseName) - 1) == NULL)
        return NULL;

    strcat (path, "/");
    strcat (path, baseName);
    if (access (path, F_OK) == 0)
    {
        dirname (path);
        strcat  (path, "/");
        return path;
    }

    /* Try the PATH. */
    systemPath = getenv ("PATH");
    if (systemPath != NULL)
    {
        dest_len--;
        systemPath = strdup (systemPath);
        for (candidateDir = strtok (systemPath, ":"); candidateDir != NULL; candidateDir = strtok (NULL, ":"))
        {
            strncpy (path, candidateDir, dest_len);
            strncat (path, "/", dest_len);
            strncat (path, baseName, dest_len);

            if (access(path, F_OK) == 0)
            {
                free (systemPath);
                dirname (path);
                strcat  (path, "/");
                return path;
            }
        }
        free(systemPath);
        dest_len++;
    }

    /* again someone has use execve: we dont knowe the executable name; we surrender and give instead current path */
    if (getcwd (path, dest_len - 1) == NULL) return NULL;
    strcat  (path, "/");
    return path;
}

EDITED:Fixed the bug reported by Mark lakata.

编辑：修复了 Mark lakata 报告的错误。

回答by DwD

Find the path to a process name

查找进程名称的路径

char file[32];
char buf[64];
pid_t pid = getpid();
sprintf(file, "/proc/%i/cmdline", pid);
FILE *f = fopen(file, "r");
fgets(buf, 64, f);
fclose(f);

回答by Jimmio92

You can also get the path on GNU/Linux with (not thoroughly tested):

您还可以使用（未​​经彻底测试）获取 GNU/Linux 上的路径：

*strrchr(buf, '/') = '
ps -ef | grep 786
';
/*chdir(buf);*/

If you want the directory of the executable for perhaps changing the working directory to the process's directory (for media/data/etc), you need to drop everything after the last /:

如果您希望可执行文件的目录可能将工作目录更改为进程目录（用于媒体/数据/等），则需要删除最后一个 / 之后的所有内容：

getPathByPid()
{
    if [[ -e /proc//object/a.out ]]; then
        inode=`ls -i /proc//object/a.out 2>/dev/null | awk '{print }'`
        if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
            strnode=${inode}"$"
            strNum=`ls -li /proc//object/ 2>/dev/null | grep $strnode | awk '{print $NF}' | grep "[0-9]\{1,\}\.[0-9]\{1,\}\."`
            if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                # jfs2.10.6.5869
                n1=`echo $strNum|awk -F"." '{print }'`
                n2=`echo $strNum|awk -F"." '{print }'`
                # brw-rw----    1 root     system       10,  6 Aug 23 2013  hd9var
                strexp="^b.*"$n1,"[[:space:]]\{1,\}"$n2"[[:space:]]\{1,\}.*$"   # "^b.*10, \{1,\}5 \{1,\}.*$"
                strdf=`ls -l /dev/ | grep $strexp | awk '{print $NF}'`
                if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                    strMpath=`df | grep $strdf | awk '{print $NF}'`
                    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                        find $strMpath -inum $inode 2>/dev/null
                        if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                            return 0
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
            fi
        fi
    fi
    return 1
}

回答by hahakubile

You can find the exe easily by these ways, just try it yourself.

你可以通过这些方式轻松找到exe，自己试试吧。

• ll /proc/<PID>/exe
• pwdx <PID>
• lsof -p <PID> | grep cwd

• ll /proc/<PID>/exe
• pwdx <PID>
• lsof -p <PID> | grep cwd

回答by User

I use:

我用：

##代码##

Replace 786 with your PID or process name.

将 786 替换为您的 PID 或进程名称。

回答by zirong

thanks : Kiwy
with AIX:

谢谢： 带有 AIX 的Kiwy
：

##代码##

回答by gobi

pwdx <process id>

pwdx <process id>

This command will fetch the process path from where it is executing.

此命令将从执行的位置获取进程路径。