如果我执行以下操作：

import subprocess
from cStringIO import StringIO
subprocess.Popen(['grep','f'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stdin=StringIO('one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\nsix\n')).communicate()[0]

我得到：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "/build/toolchain/mac32/python-2.4.3/lib/python2.4/subprocess.py", line 533, in __init__
    (p2cread, p2cwrite,
  File "/build/toolchain/mac32/python-2.4.3/lib/python2.4/subprocess.py", line 830, in _get_handles
    p2cread = stdin.fileno()
AttributeError: 'cStringIO.StringI' object has no attribute 'fileno'

显然，cStringIO.StringIO对象没有足够接近库中的子程序来适应subprocess.Popen。我该如何解决？

解决方案

我想出了解决方法：

>>> p = subprocess.Popen(['grep','f'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> p.stdin.write(b'one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\nsix\n') #expects a bytes type object
>>> p.communicate()[0]
'four\nfive\n'
>>> p.stdin.close()

有更好的吗？

"显然，cStringIO.StringIO对象与文件鸭子的距离不够近，无法适应subprocess.Popen"

:-)

恐怕不是。管道是低级OS概念，因此绝对需要由OS级文件描述符表示的文件对象。解决方法是正确的。

Popen.communicate()文档：

Note that if you want to send data to
  the process’s stdin, you need to
  create the Popen object with
  stdin=PIPE. Similarly, to get anything
  other than None in the result tuple,
  you need to give stdout=PIPE and/or
  stderr=PIPE too.
  
  Replacing os.popen*

pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w', bufsize)
    # ==>
    pipe = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize, stdin=PIPE).stdin

Warning Use communicate() rather than
  stdin.write(), stdout.read() or
  stderr.read() to avoid deadlocks due
  to any of the other OS pipe buffers
  filling up and blocking the child
  process.

因此，示例可以编写如下：

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT

p = Popen(['grep', 'f'], stdout=PIPE, stdin=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT)    
grep_stdout = p.communicate(input=b'one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\nsix\n')[0]
print(grep_stdout.decode())
# -> four
# -> five
# ->

在当前的Python 3版本中，我们可以使用subprocess.run，将输入作为字符串传递给外部命令，并获取其退出状态，并在一次调用中将其输出作为字符串返回：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from subprocess import run, PIPE

p = run(['grep', 'f'], stdout=PIPE,
        input='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\nsix\n', encoding='ascii')
print(p.returncode)
# -> 0
print(p.stdout)
# -> four
# -> five
# ->

p = Popen(['grep', 'f'], stdout=PIPE, stdin=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT)    
p.stdin.write('one\n')
time.sleep(0.5)
p.stdin.write('two\n')
time.sleep(0.5)
p.stdin.write('three\n')
time.sleep(0.5)
testresult = p.communicate()[0]
time.sleep(0.5)
print(testresult)