Bash：使用 FTP 检查远程目录是否存在

Bash: Check if remote directory exists using FTP

提问by grim

I'm writing a bash script to send files from a linux server to a remote Windows FTP server. I would like to check using FTP if the folder where the file will be stored exists before attempting to create it. Please note that I cannot use SSH nor SCP and I cannot install new scripts on the linux server. Also, for performance issues, I would prefer if checking and creating the folders is done using only one FTP connection.

我正在编写一个 bash 脚本来将文件从 linux 服务器发送到远程 Windows FTP 服务器。在尝试创建文件之前，我想使用 FTP 检查存储文件的文件夹是否存在。请注意，我无法使用 SSH 或 SCP，也无法在 linux 服务器上安装新脚本。此外，对于性能问题，我更喜欢只使用一个 FTP 连接来检查和创建文件夹。

Here's the function to send the file:

这是发送文件的函数：

sendFile() {
    ftp -n $FTP_HOST <<! >> ${LOCAL_LOG}
        quote USER ${FTP_USER}
        quote PASS ${FTP_PASS}
        binary
        $(ftp_mkdir_loop "$FTP_PATH")
        put ${FILE_PATH} ${FTP_PATH}/${FILENAME}
        bye
!
}

And here's what ftp_mkdir_looplooks like:

这里就是ftp_mkdir_loop样子：

ftp_mkdir_loop() {
    local r
    local a
    r="$@"
    while [[ "$r" != "$a" ]]; do
      a=${r%%/*}
      echo "mkdir $a"
      echo "cd $a"
      r=${r#*/}
    done
}

The ftp_mkdir_loopfunction helps in creating all the folders in $FTP_PATH(Since I cannot do mkdir -p $FTP_PATHthrough FTP).

该ftp_mkdir_loop功能有助于在$FTP_PATH（因为我无法mkdir -p $FTP_PATH通过 FTP 进行）中创建所有文件夹。

Overall my script works but is not "clean"; this is what I'm getting in my log file after the execution of the script (yes, $FTP_PATHis composed of 5 existing directories):

总的来说，我的脚本有效，但并不“干净”；这是执行脚本后我在日志文件中得到的内容（是的，$FTP_PATH由 5 个现有目录组成）：

(directory-name) Cannot create a file when that file already exists.
Cannot create a file when that file already exists.
Cannot create a file when that file already exists.
Cannot create a file when that file already exists.
Cannot create a file when that file already exists.

采纳答案by DVK

To solve this, do as follows:

要解决此问题，请执行以下操作：

1. To ensure that you only use one FTP connection, you create the input (FTP commands) as an output of a shell script

   E.g.

   $ cat a.sh
   cd /home/test1
   mkdir /home/test1/test2
   
   $ ./a.sh | ftp $Your_login_and_server > /your/log 2>&1
   

2. To allow the FTP to test if a directory exists, you use the fact that "DIR" command has an option to write to file

    # ...continuing a.sh
    # In a loop, $CURRENT_DIR is the next subdirectory to check-or-create
    echo "DIR $CURRENT_DIR $local_output_file" 
    sleep 5 # to leave time for the file to be created
    if (! -s $local_output_file)
    then
       echo "mkdir $CURRENT_DIR"
    endif
   

   Please note that "-s"test is not necessarily correct - I don't have acccess to ftp now and don't know what the exact output of running DIR on non-existing directory will be - cold be empty file, could be a specific error. If error, you can grep the error text in $local_output_file

3. Now, wrap the step #2 into a loop over your individual subdirectories in a.sh

1. 为确保您只使用一个 FTP 连接，您可以创建输入（FTP 命令）作为 shell 脚本的输出

   例如

   $ cat a.sh
   cd /home/test1
   mkdir /home/test1/test2
   
   $ ./a.sh | ftp $Your_login_and_server > /your/log 2>&1
   

2. 要允许 FTP 测试目录是否存在，您可以使用“DIR”命令具有写入文件的选项这一事实

    # ...continuing a.sh
    # In a loop, $CURRENT_DIR is the next subdirectory to check-or-create
    echo "DIR $CURRENT_DIR $local_output_file" 
    sleep 5 # to leave time for the file to be created
    if (! -s $local_output_file)
    then
       echo "mkdir $CURRENT_DIR"
    endif
   

   请注意，"-s"测试不一定正确——我现在无法访问 ftp，也不知道在不存在的目录上运行 DIR 的确切输出是什么——冷是空文件，可能是一个特定的错误。如果出错，您可以在 $local_output_file 中 grep 错误文本

3. 现在，将步骤 #2 包装到 a.sh 中各个子目录的循环中

回答by Cyrus

    #!/bin/bash

    FTP_HOST=prep.ai.mit.edu
    FTP_USER=anonymous
    [email protected]
    DIRECTORY=/foo                   # /foo does not exist, /pub exists
    LOCAL_LOG=/tmp/foo.log
    ERROR="Failed to change directory"

    ftp -n $FTP_HOST << EOF | tee -a ${LOCAL_LOG} | grep -q "${ERROR}"
    quote USER ${FTP_USER}
    quote pass ${FTP_PASS}
    cd ${DIRECTORY}
    EOF

    if [[ "${PIPESTATUS[2]}" -eq 1 ]]; then
      echo ${DIRECTORY} exists
    else
      echo ${DIRECTORY} does not exist
    fi

Output:

输出：

/foo does not exist

---

---

如果您只想抑制 中的消息${LOCAL_LOG}${LOCAL_LOG}：

ftp -n $FTP_HOST <<! | grep -v "Cannot create a file" >> ${LOCAL_LOG}