如何格式化 PHP include() 绝对（而不是相对）路径？

How do I format a PHP include() absolute (rather than relative) path?

提问by Zack Peterson

On various pages throughout my PHP web site and in various nested directories I want to include a specific file at a path relative to the root.

在我的 PHP 网站的各个页面和各个嵌套目录中，我想在相对于根的路径中包含一个特定文件。

What single command can I put on both of these pages...

我可以在这两个页面上放置哪个命令...

http://www.example.com/pageone.php

http://www.example.com/somedirectory/pagetwo.php

...to include this page:

...包含此页面：

http://www.example.com/includes/analytics.php

This does not work:

这不起作用：

<?php include('/includes/analytics.php'); ?>

Does it matter that this is hosted in IIS on Windows?

在 Windows 上托管在 IIS 中是否重要？

采纳答案by gnud

If you give include() or require() (or the *_once versions) an absolute pathname, that file will be included. An absolute pathname starts with a "/" on unix, and with a drive letter and colon on Windows.

如果您给 include() 或 require() （或 *_once 版本）一个绝对路径名，该文件将被包含在内。绝对路径名在 unix 上以“/”开头，在 Windows 上以驱动器号和冒号开头。

If you give a relative path (any other path), PHP will search the directories in the configuration value "include_path" in order, until a match is found or there are no more directories to search.

如果您给出相对路径（任何其他路径），PHP 将按顺序搜索配置值“include_path”中的目录，直到找到匹配项或没有更多目录可供搜索。

So, in short, to include an absolute filename, give an absolute filename. See also the function realpath().

因此，简而言之，要包含绝对文件名，请给出绝对文件名。另请参阅函数realpath()。

If you want to set your own include "root", have a look at this question(specifically my answer of course :-)

如果您想设置自己的包含“root”，请查看此问题（当然特别是我的回答:-)

回答by J Cooper

You can just use include $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . "/includes/analytics.php";

你可以使用 include $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . "/includes/analytics.php";

回答by Zoredache

From the perspective of PHP root is the top of the file system on the web server, not the root from the perspective of the web browser.

从 PHP 的角度来看，root 是 Web 服务器上文件系统的顶层，而不是从 Web 浏览器的角度来看的 root。

Most people do one of the below.

大多数人会执行以下操作之一。

Define a constant, in a global configuration file, and use that in each call to require/include.

在全局配置文件中定义一个常量，并在每次调用 require/include 时使用它。

Or they use code like this.

或者他们使用这样的代码。

require_once realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/config.php');
require_once realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/lib/Database.php');

Using the environmental variables may be dangerous in some cases and be the source of security issues.

在某些情况下，使用环境变量可能是危险的，并且是安全问题的根源。

回答by Greg

As @Stefan Mai says, PHP doesn't have a "root" path but you can define one quite easily - most sites have a page that's included every time (e.g. configuration file), to which you can add:

正如@Stefan Mai 所说，PHP 没有“根”路径，但您可以很容易地定义一个路径——大多数站点都有一个每次都包含的页面（例如配置文件），您可以向其中添加：

define('ROOT', dirname(__FILE__));

Then use include ROOT . '/includes/analytics.php';

然后使用 include ROOT 。'/includes/analytics.php';

Something that's also quite useful is the auto_prepend directive, which you can use in .htaccess on apache - not sure about setting it up on IIS (although you can have a global one in the PHP ini).

auto_prepend 指令也非常有用，您可以在 apache 上的 .htaccess 中使用它 - 不确定是否在 IIS 上设置它（尽管您可以在 PHP ini 中有一个全局的）。

回答by Reggie Z. Banal

I combined the above suggestions and came up with this.

我结合了上述建议并提出了这一点。

In my config.phpfile, I define ROOT as:

在我的config.php文件中，我将 ROOT 定义为：

define('ROOT', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']);

define('ROOT', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']);

Then I use it in my succeding files:

然后我在我的后续文件中使用它：

include_once(ROOT."/someFile.php");

include_once(ROOT."/someFile.php");

include_once(ROOT."/includes/someFile.php");

include_once(ROOT."/includes/someFile.php");

回答by Zack Peterson

This works.

这有效。

<?php include('c:/inetpub/example.com/includes/analytics.php'); ?>

I'll have to make the c:/inetpub/example.com/part some kind of global variable so it's somewhat portable from server to server.

我必须使该c:/inetpub/example.com/部分成为某种全局变量，以便它在服务器之间具有某种程度的可移植性。

回答by Stefan Mai

Use .. to go up a directory. So in pageone.php

使用 .. 上一个目录。所以在 pageone.php

include 'includes/analytics.php';

in pagetwo.php

在 pagetwo.php 中

include '../includes/analytics.php';

There's no notion of "root" as you're referring to in PHP as far as I know, though you could define it if you wanted. Best of luck!

据我所知，没有您在 PHP 中所指的“root”的概念，尽管您可以根据需要定义它。祝你好运！

回答by Stefan Mai

The tilde is interpreted as a special character by the shell, so using it inside PHP code won't work regardless of OS.

波浪号被 shell 解释为一个特殊字符，因此无论操作系统如何，在 PHP 代码中使用它都不起作用。

If you're trying to access something relative to a user home directory you could try getenv()- I'm pretty sure Windows sets an environment variable equivalent to $HOME.

如果您尝试访问与用户主目录相关的内容，您可以尝试getenv()- 我很确定 Windows 设置了一个等效于$HOME.

回答by Santiago

The way I found is:

我找到的方法是：

<?php include $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'\Your\Site\Path.php' ?>

The \\ is necesary when you have some special character that could be escaped (i.e. \n), so that \\ is \ on the string.

当您有一些可以转义的特殊字符（即 \n）时，\\ 是必需的，因此 \\ 是字符串上的 \。

Because you are in windows, you have to use \ instead of /

因为你在windows中，你必须使用\而不是/