Python 测试邮件发送
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Testing email sending
提问by RadiantHex
采纳答案by Bernhard Vallant
You can use a file backend for sending emailswhich is a very handy solution for development and testing; emails are not sent but stored in a folder you can specify!
您可以使用文件后端发送电子邮件，这是一个非常方便的开发和测试解决方案；电子邮件不会发送，而是存储在您可以指定的文件夹中！
回答by pyfunc
Patching SMTPLib for testing purposes can help test sending mails without sending them.
为测试目的修补 SMTPLib 可以帮助测试发送邮件而不发送邮件。
回答by Steve Jalim
For any project that doesn't require sending attachments, I use django-mailer, which has the benefit of all outbound emails ending up in a queue until I trigger their sending, and even after they've been sent, they are then logged - all of which is visible in the Admin, making it easy to quickly check what you emailing code is trying to fire off into the intertubes.
对于不需要发送附件的任何项目，我使用django-mailer，它的好处是所有出站电子邮件都在队列中结束，直到我触发它们的发送，甚至在它们被发送之后，它们也会被记录 -所有这些都在 Admin 中可见，因此可以轻松快速地检查您通过电子邮件发送的代码试图发射到 intertubes 中的内容。
回答by Davor Lucic
Django test framework has some built in helpers to aid you with testing e-mail service.
Django 测试框架有一些内置的帮助程序来帮助你测试电子邮件服务。
Example from docs (short version):
来自文档的示例（简短版本）：
from django.core import mail
from django.test import TestCase
class EmailTest(TestCase):
def test_send_email(self):
mail.send_mail('Subject here', 'Here is the message.',
'[email protected]', ['[email protected]'],
fail_silently=False)
self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
self.assertEqual(mail.outbox[0].subject, 'Subject here')
回答by Josh K
Django also has an in-memory email backend. More details in the docs under In-memory backend. This is present in Django 1.6 not sure if it's present in anything earlier.
Django 也有一个内存电子邮件后端。更多详细信息，请参阅In-memory backend下的文档。这存在于 Django 1.6 中，不确定它是否存在于更早的版本中。
回答by kiril
If you are into unit-testing the best solution is to use the In-memory backendprovided by django.
如果您进行单元测试，最好的解决方案是使用django 提供的内存后端。
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'
Take the case of use it as a py.testfixture
以将其用作py.test夹具为例
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def email_backend_setup(self, settings):
settings.EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'
In each test, the mail.outboxis reset with the server, so there are no side effects between tests.
在每次测试中，mail.outbox都与服务器一起重置，因此测试之间没有副作用。
from django.core import mail
def test_send(self):
mail.send_mail('subject', 'body.', '[email protected]', ['[email protected]'])
assert len(mail.outbox) == 1
def test_send_again(self):
mail.send_mail('subject', 'body.', '[email protected]', ['[email protected]'])
assert len(mail.outbox) == 1
回答by Greg Dubicki
Use MailHog
使用MailHog
Inspired by MailCatcher, easier to install.
Built with Go - MailHog runs without installation on multiple platforms.
受 MailCatcher 启发，更易于安装。
使用 Go 构建 - MailHog 无需安装即可在多个平台上运行。
Also, it has a component called Jim, the MailHog Chaos Monkey, which enables you to test sending emails with various problems happening:
此外，它还有一个名为Jim的组件，即MailHog Chaos Monkey，它使您能够测试在发生各种问题时发送电子邮件：
What can Jim do?
- Reject connections
- Rate limit connections
- Reject authentication
- Reject senders
- Reject recipients
吉姆能做什么？
- 拒绝连接
- 速率限制连接
- 拒绝身份验证
- 拒绝发件人
- 拒绝收件人
Read more about it here.
在此处阅读更多相关信息。
(Unlike original mailcatcher, which failed on me when sending emails with emoji, encoded in UTF-8and it WASN'T really fixed in the current release, MailHog just works.)
（与原始的 mailcatcher 不同，它在发送带有表情符号的电子邮件时失败了，以 UTF-8 编码，并且在当前版本中并没有真正修复，MailHog 可以正常工作。）
回答by frogcoder
Why not start your own really simple SMTP Server by inherit from smtpd.SMTPServerand threading.Thread:
为什么不通过继承自smtpd.SMTPServer和来启动您自己的非常简单的 SMTP 服务器threading.Thread：
class TestingSMTPServer(smtpd.SMTPServer, threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, port=25):
smtpd.SMTPServer.__init__(
self,
('localhost', port),
('localhost', port),
decode_data=False
)
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data, **kwargs):
self.received_peer = peer
self.received_mailfrom = mailfrom
self.received_rcpttos = rcpttos
self.received_data = data
def run(self):
asyncore.loop()
process_message is called whenever your SMTP Server receive a mail request, you can do whatever you want there.
每当您的 SMTP 服务器收到邮件请求时都会调用 process_message，您可以在那里做任何您想做的事情。
In the testing code, do something like this:
在测试代码中，执行以下操作：
smtp_server = TestingSMTPServer()
smtp_server.start()
do_thing_that_would_send_a_mail()
smtp_server.close()
self.assertIn(b'hello', smtp_server.received_data)
Just remember to close()the asyncore.dispatcherby calling smtp_server.close()to end the asyncore loop(stop the server from listening).
只记得close()在asyncore.dispatcher调用smtp_server.close()结束asyncore循环（停止从听音服务器）。
回答by AgilePro
If you have a TomCat server available, or other servlet engine, then a nice approach is "Post Hoc" which is a small server that looks to the application exactly like a SMTP server, but it includes a user interface that allows you to view and inspect the email messages that were sent. It is open source and freely available.
如果您有可用的 TomCat 服务器或其他 servlet 引擎，那么一个不错的方法是“Post Hoc”，它是一个看起来与 SMTP 服务器完全一样的应用程序的小型服务器，但它包含一个用户界面，允许您查看和检查发送的电子邮件。它是开源的，可以免费获得。
Find it at: Post Hoc GitHub Site
在以下位置找到它：Post Hoc GitHub 站点
See the blog post: PostHoc: Testing Apps that Send Email
请参阅博客文章： PostHoc：测试发送电子邮件的应用程序
回答by shacker
Tying a few of the pieces here together, here's a straightforward setup based on filebased.EmailBackend. This renders a list view linking to the individual log files, which have conveniently timestamped filenames. Clicking a link in the list displays that message in the browser (raw):
将这里的一些部分联系在一起，这是一个基于filebased.EmailBackend. 这将呈现链接到单个日志文件的列表视图，这些文件具有方便的时间戳文件名。单击列表中的链接会在浏览器中显示该消息（原始）：
Settings
设置
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.filebased.EmailBackend"
EMAIL_FILE_PATH = f"{MEDIA_ROOT}/email_out"
View
看法
import os
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render
def mailcheck(request):
path = f"{settings.MEDIA_ROOT}/email_out"
mail_list = os.listdir(path)
return render(request, "mailcheck.html", context={"mail_list": mail_list})
Template
模板
{% if mail_list %}
<ul>
{% for msg in mail_list %}
<li>
<a href="{{ MEDIA_URL }}email_out/{{msg}}">{{ msg }}</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
No messages found.
{% endif %}
urls
网址
path("mailcheck/", view=mailcheck, name="mailcheck"),
