macos Mac OS X 上的 gcc：如何链接用 MacPorts 安装的库？
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gcc on Mac OS X: how to link libraries installed with MacPorts?
提问by juanchopanza
I have installed gcc 4.6 using macports. The prefix is /opt/local, and I get the expected include path:
我已经使用 macports 安装了 gcc 4.6。前缀是/opt/local，我得到了预期的包含路径：
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/opt/local/include/gcc46/c++/
/opt/local/include/gcc46/c++//x86_64-apple-darwin10
/opt/local/include/gcc46/c++//backward
/opt/local/lib/gcc46/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin10/4.6.1/include
/opt/local/include
/opt/local/lib/gcc46/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin10/4.6.1/include-fixed
/usr/include
/System/Library/Frameworks
/Library/Frameworks End of search list.
However, /opt/local/libdoesn't seem to be in the library search path, so I have to specify it with -L/opt/local/libwhen using g++ on command line:
但是，/opt/local/lib似乎不在库搜索路径中，因此-L/opt/local/lib在命令行上使用 g++ 时我必须指定它：
Library search paths:
/opt/local/lib/gcc46/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin10/4.6.1
/opt/local/lib/gcc46
/usr/lib
/usr/local/lib
Framework search paths:
/Library/Frameworks/
/System/Library/Frameworks/
This is a problem for other libraries installed with macports. Is there an easy way to add /opt/local/libto the library search path? I have tried setting DYLD_LIBRARY_PATHto no avail. I am using Mac OS X 10.6.8.
这对于与 macports 一起安装的其他库来说是一个问题。有没有一种简单的方法可以添加/opt/local/lib到库搜索路径中？我试过设置DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH无济于事。我使用的是 Mac OS X 10.6.8。
回答by Michael Xu
in your ~/.profile add the following line:
在您的 ~/.profile 添加以下行：
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/local/lib"
and run source ~/.profilein the terminal to reload your profile.
并source ~/.profile在终端中运行以重新加载您的配置文件。
In this way, the -L switch will be detected from gcc/g++ and used automaticaly.
这样，-L 开关将从 gcc/g++ 中检测到并自动使用。
回答by Jerry Jacobs
It depends if you want to link your executable dynamic or static against a library. Under OS X you add the libraries as source/object files like this:
这取决于您是否要将可执行文件动态或静态链接到库。在 OS X 下，您将库添加为源/目标文件，如下所示：
Dynamic: g++ -Wall -o myexecutable myfile.cpp /path/to/library.dylib
Static: g++ -Wall -o myexecutable myfile.cpp /path/to/library.a
The best way is to use a build system, for example CMake (which can be installed from macports). And makes it very easy to find libraries, create libraries in a crossplatform way.
最好的方法是使用构建系统，例如 CMake（可以从 macports 安装）。并且可以很容易地找到库，以跨平台的方式创建库。
回答by nwellnhof
I found the easiest way is to set C_INCLUDE_PATHand LIBRARY_PATH:
我发现最简单的方法是设置C_INCLUDE_PATH和LIBRARY_PATH：
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/local/include
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/local/include
export LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib
