Oracle - 我使用的是什么 TNS 名称文件？
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Oracle - What TNS Names file am I using?
提问by Mark Harrison
Sometimes I get Oracle connection problems because I can't figure out which tnsnames.ora file my database client is using.
有时我会遇到 Oracle 连接问题，因为我无法确定我的数据库客户端正在使用哪个 tnsnames.ora 文件。
What's the best way to figure this out? ++happy for various platform solutions.
解决这个问题的最佳方法是什么？++对各种平台解决方案感到满意。
回答by stjohnroe
Oracle provides a utility called tnsping:
Oracle 提供了一个名为 的实用程序tnsping：
R:\>tnsping someconnection
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.0.1.3.1 - Production on 27-AUG-20
08 10:38:07
Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
C:\Oracle92\network\ADMIN\sqlnet.ora
C:\Oracle92\network\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora
TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name
R:\>
R:\>tnsping entpr01
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.0.1.3.1 - Production on 27-AUG-20
08 10:39:22
Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
C:\Oracle92\network\ADMIN\sqlnet.ora
C:\Oracle92\network\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (COMMUNITY = **)
(PROTOCOL = TCP) (Host = ****) (Port = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = ENTPR0
1)))
OK (40 msec)
R:\>
This should show what file you're using. The utility sits in the Oracle bindirectory.
这应该显示您正在使用的文件。该实用程序位于 Oraclebin目录中。
回答by Mark Harrison
For linux:
对于Linux：
$ strace sqlplus -L scott/tiger@orcl 2>&1| grep -i 'open.*tnsnames.ora'
shows something like this:
显示如下：
open("/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora",O_RDONLY)=7
Changing to
更改为
$ strace sqlplus -L scott/tiger@orcl 2>&1| grep -i 'tnsnames.ora'
will show all the file paths that are failing.
将显示所有失败的文件路径。
回答by Trumpi
There is another place where the TNS location is stored: If you're using Windows, open regeditand navigate to My HKEY Local Machine/Software/ORACLE/KEY_OraClient10_home1where KEY_OraClient10_home1is your Oracle home. If there is a string entry called TNS_ADMIN, then the value of that entry will point to the TNS file that Oracle is using on your computer.
还有另一个存储 TNS 位置的地方：如果您使用的是 Windows，请打开regedit并导航到您的 Oracle 家My HKEY Local Machine/Software/ORACLE/KEY_OraClient10_home1所在的位置KEY_OraClient10_home1。如果有一个名为 的字符串条目TNS_ADMIN，则该条目的值将指向 Oracle 在您的计算机上使用的 TNS 文件。
回答by Ishmaeel
For Windows: Filemonfrom SysInternals will show you what files are being accessed.
对于 Windows：来自 SysInternals 的Filemon将显示正在访问哪些文件。
Remember to set your filters so you are not overwhelmed by the chatty file system traffic.
请记住设置过滤器，这样您就不会被繁琐的文件系统流量所淹没。
Added:Filemon does not work with newer Windows versions, so you might have to use Process Monitor.
补充：Filemon 不适用于较新的 Windows 版本，因此您可能必须使用Process Monitor。
回答by Rene
On my development machine I have three different versions of Oracle client software. I manage the tnsnames.orafile in one of them. In the other two, I have entered in the tnsnames.orafile:
在我的开发机器上，我有三个不同版本的 Oracle 客户端软件。我tnsnames.ora在其中之一管理文件。在另外两个中，我已经在tnsnames.ora文件中输入：
ifile=path_to_tnsnames.ora_file/tnsnames.ora
This way, if for some reason the wrong tnsnames.orafile is used by a client, it will always end up at the up-to-date version.
这样，如果由于某种原因tnsnames.ora客户端使用了错误的文件，它最终将始终处于最新版本。
回答by DCookie
Codeslave asks "Shouldn't it always be "$ORACLE_ HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora"? The answer is no, it isn't. Consider these two invocations of tnsping on the same machine:
Codeslave 询问“不应该总是“$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora”吗？答案是否定的，不是。考虑在同一台机器上对 tnsping 的这两个调用：
C:\Documents and Settings\me>D:\Oracle.2.0_DB\BIN\tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-OCT-2
008 14:30:12
Copyright (c) 1997, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
D:\Oracle.2.0_DB\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xxxx
)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)))
OK (40 msec)
C:\Documents and Settings\me>tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-OCT-2
008 14:30:21
Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
D:\oracle.2.0_Client\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = XXXX)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)))
OK (20 msec)
C:\Documents and Settings\me>
Note the two different parameter file locations, that are dependent on which tnsping executable you're running (and perhaps where it's being run from). For tnsnames-based oracle networking, using the TNS_ADMIN variable is the only way to ensure you're getting a consistent tnsnames.ora file. (NOTE: Windows-centric answer)
请注意两个不同的参数文件位置，它们取决于您正在运行的 tnsping 可执行文件（以及它的运行位置）。对于基于 tnsnames 的 oracle 网络，使用 TNS_ADMIN 变量是确保获得一致 tnsnames.ora 文件的唯一方法。（注意：以 Windows 为中心的答案）
回答by DCookie
By default, tnsnames.ora is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory on UNIX operating systems and in the ORACLE_HOME\network\admin directory on Windows operating systems. tnsnames.ora can also be stored the following locations:
默认情况下，tnsnames.ora 在 UNIX 操作系统上位于 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin 目录中，在 Windows 操作系统上位于 ORACLE_HOME\network\admin 目录中。tnsnames.ora 也可以存储在以下位置：
The directory specified by the TNS_ADMIN environment variable (or registry value)
TNS_ADMIN 环境变量（或注册表值）指定的目录
On UNIX operating systems, the global configuration directory. For example, on the Solaris Operating System, this directory is /var/opt/oracle
在 UNIX 操作系统上，全局配置目录。例如，在 Solaris 操作系统上，此目录为 /var/opt/oracle
If you have multiple ORACLE_HOMES, be aware of which one you are using, as the location of the tnsnames.ora file can vary from one ORACLE_HOME to the next.
如果您有多个 ORACLE_HOME，请注意您使用的是哪一个，因为 tnsnames.ora 文件的位置可能因 ORACLE_HOME 的不同而不同。
For the person who mentioned the TWO_TASK environment variable, that is used to set a default database service name to connect to (which could be a database on another server). The service name you set TWO_TASK to is then looked up in the tnsnames.ora file when you connect.
对于提到 TWO_TASK 环境变量的人，它用于设置要连接的默认数据库服务名称（可能是另一台服务器上的数据库）。连接时，将在 tnsnames.ora 文件中查找您设置为 TWO_TASK 的服务名称。
回答by BIBD
Shouldn't it always be "$ORACLE_ HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora"? Then you can just do "echo $oracle_ home" or the *nix equivalent.
不应该总是“$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora”吗？然后你可以只做“echo $oracle_home”或 *nix 等价物。
@Pete Holberton You are entirely correct. Which reminds me, there's another monkey wrench in the works called TWO_ TASK
@Pete Holberton 你是完全正确的。这让我想起了作品中还有一个猴子扳手叫做TWO_TASK
According http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/TNS_ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN is an environment variable that points to the directory where the SQL*Net configuration files (like sqlnet.ora and tnsnames.ora) are located.
根据http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/TNS_ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN 是一个环境变量，指向 SQL*Net 配置文件（如 sqlnet.ora 和 tnsnames.ora）所在的目录。
回答by sri
strace sqlplus -L scott/tiger@orclhelps to find .tnsnames.orafile on /home/oracleto find the file it takes instead of $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.orafile. Thanks for the posting.
strace sqlplus -L scott/tiger@orcl有助于查找.tnsnames.ora文件/home/oracle以查找所需的文件而不是$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件。感谢您的发帖。
回答by artybug
Not direct answer to your question, but I've been quite frustrated myself trying find and update all of the tnsnames files, as I had several oracle installs: Client, BI tools, OWB, etc, each of which had its own oracle home. I ended up creating a utility called TNSNamesSync that will update all of the tnsnames in all of the oracle homes. It's under the MIT license, free to use here https://github.com/artybug/TNSNamesSync/releases
不是直接回答您的问题，但我在尝试查找和更新所有 tnsnames 文件时感到非常沮丧，因为我安装了几个 oracle：客户端、BI 工具、OWB 等，每个都有自己的 oracle 主页。我最终创建了一个名为 TNSNamesSync 的实用程序，它将更新所有 Oracle 主目录中的所有 tnsname。它在 MIT 许可下，在这里免费使用https://github.com/artybug/TNSNamesSync/releases
The docs are here: https://github.com/artchik/TNSNamesSync/blob/master/README.md
文档在这里：https: //github.com/artchik/TNSNamesSync/blob/master/README.md
This is for Windows only, though.
不过，这仅适用于 Windows。
