如何授予 Linux 用户 sudo 访问权限？
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How to give a Linux user sudo access?
提问by Adam Boostani
I am trying to give sudo access to one of my users. What should I type in my terminal?
我正在尝试向我的一位用户授予 sudo 访问权限。我应该在我的终端输入什么？
采纳答案by Igor Chubin
You need run visudoand in the editor that it opens write:
您需要运行visudo并在它打开的编辑器中写入：
igor ALL=(ALL) ALL
That line grants all permissions to user igor.
该行将所有权限授予 user igor。
If you want permit to run only some commands, you need to list them in the line:
如果您只想允许运行某些命令，则需要在行中列出它们：
igor ALL=(ALL) /bin/kill, /bin/ps
回答by Lev Levitsky
This answerwill do what you need, although usually you don't add specific usernames to sudoers. Instead, you have a groupof sudoers and just add your user to that group when needed. This way you don't need to use visudomore than once when giving sudopermission to users.
这个答案将满足您的需求，尽管通常您不会将特定的用户名添加到sudoers. 相反，您有一组sudoers，只需在需要时将您的用户添加到该组。这样，您visudo在sudo授予用户权限时不需要多次使用。
If you're on Ubuntu, the group is most probably already set up and called admin:
如果您使用的是 Ubuntu，则该组很可能已经建立并被称为admin：
$ sudo cat /etc/sudoers
#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
...
...
# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
On other distributions, like Arch and some others, it's usually called wheeland you may need to set it up: Arch Wiki
在其他发行版上，例如 Arch 和其他一些发行版，通常会调用它wheel，您可能需要对其进行设置：Arch Wiki
To give users in the wheel group full root privileges when they precede a command with "sudo", uncomment the following line: %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
要在使用“sudo”执行命令时为 wheel 组中的用户提供完全 root 权限，请取消注释以下行：%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
Also note that on most systems visudowill read the EDITORenvironment variable or default to using vi. So you can try to do EDITOR=vim visudoto use vimas the editor.
另请注意，在大多数系统上visudo会读取EDITOR环境变量或默认使用vi. 所以你可以尝试做为编辑器EDITOR=vim visudo来使用vim。
To add a user to the group you should run (as root):
要将用户添加到组中，您应该运行（以 root 身份）：
# usermod -a -G groupname username
where groupnameis your group (say, adminor wheel) and usernameis the username (say, john).
groupname你的组在哪里（比如，admin或wheel），username是用户名（比如，john）。
回答by Maciej
Edit /etc/sudoersfile either manually or using the visudo application.
Remember: System reads /etc/sudoersfile from top to the bottom, so you could overwrite a particular setting by putting the next one below.
So to be on the safe side - define your access setting at the bottom.
/etc/sudoers手动或使用 visudo 应用程序编辑文件。请记住：系统/etc/sudoers从上到下读取文件，因此您可以通过将下一个设置在下面来覆盖特定设置。所以为了安全起见 - 在底部定义您的访问设置。
