如何在Docker容器中使用Nginx安装WordPress
Docker是一个开源项目,它提供了一个开放平台,可作为轻量级容器打包,运送和运行任何应用程序。
它不受语言支持,框架或者打包系统的限制,并且可以从小型家用计算机到高端服务器的任何位置,任何时间运行。
它使它们成为部署和扩展Web应用程序,数据库和后端服务的重要构建块,而无需依赖特定的堆栈或者提供程序。
今天,我们将部署带有最新WordPress软件包的Docker容器,并带有必要的准备工作,例如Nginx Web Server,PHP5,MariaDB Server等。
这是一些简短而精巧的步骤,可以在Docker容器中成功安装运行Nginx的WordPress。
1.安装Docker
在真正开始之前,我们需要确保我们在Linux机器中安装了Docker。
其中我们将CentOS 7作为主机运行,因此,我们将运行yum manager使用以下命令安装docker。
yum install docker systemctl restart docker.service
2.创建WordPress Dockerfile
我们需要创建一个Dockerfile,它将自动安装wordpress及其必要的准备工作。
该Dockerfile将用于构建我们创建的WordPress安装的镜像。
这个WordPress Dockerfile从Docker Registry Hub获取CentOS 7镜像,并使用最新的可用软件包更新系统。
然后安装必要的软件,例如Nginx Web服务器,PHP,MariaDB,Open SSH Server等,这些软件对于Docker容器正常工作必不可少。
然后,它执行一个脚本,该脚本将立即启动WordPress的安装。
# nano Dockerfile
然后,我们需要在该Dockerfile中添加以下配置行。
FROM centos:centos7 MAINTAINER The CentOS Project <[email protected]> RUN yum -y update; yum clean all RUN yum -y install epel-release; yum clean all RUN yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-client nginx php-fpm php-cli php-mysql php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-magickwand php-magpierss php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mssql php-shout php-snmp php-soap php-tidy php-apc pwgen python-setuptools curl git tar; yum clean all ADD ./start.sh /start.sh ADD ./nginx-site.conf /nginx.conf RUN mv /nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/* RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdout ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf RUN echo %sudo ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL >> /etc/sudoers ADD http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /wordpress.tar.gz RUN tar xvzf /wordpress.tar.gz RUN mv /wordpress/* /usr/share/nginx/html/. RUN chown -R apache:apache /usr/share/nginx/ RUN chmod 755 /start.sh RUN mkdir /var/run/sshd EXPOSE 80 EXPOSE 22 CMD ["/bin/bash", "/start.sh"]
3.创建开始脚本
创建Dockerfile之后,我们需要创建一个名为start.sh的脚本,该脚本将运行并配置WordPress安装。
它将创建并配置数据库,wordpress的密码。
要创建它,我们需要使用我们最喜欢的文本编辑器打开start.sh。
# nano start.sh
打开start.sh之后,我们需要其中添加以下配置行。
#!/bin/bash __check() { if [ -f /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php ]; then exit fi } __create_user() { # Create a user to SSH into as. SSH_USERPASS=`pwgen -c -n -1 8` useradd -G wheel user echo user:$SSH_USERPASS | chpasswd echo ssh user password: $SSH_USERPASS } __mysql_config() { # Hack to get MySQL up and running... I need to look into it more. yum -y erase mariadb mariadb-server rm -rf /var/lib/mysql//etc/my.cnf yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server mysql_install_db chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & sleep 10 } __handle_passwords() { # Here we generate random passwords (thank you pwgen!). The first two are for mysql users, the last batch for random keys in wp-config.php WORDPRESS_DB="wordpress" MYSQL_PASSWORD=`pwgen -c -n -1 12` WORDPRESS_PASSWORD=`pwgen -c -n -1 12` # This is so the passwords show up in logs. echo mysql root password: $MYSQL_PASSWORD echo wordpress password: $WORDPRESS_PASSWORD echo $MYSQL_PASSWORD > /mysql-root-pw.txt echo $WORDPRESS_PASSWORD > /wordpress-db-pw.txt # There used to be a huge ugly line of sed and cat and pipe and stuff below, # but thanks to @djfiander's thing at https://gist.github.com/djfiander/6141138 # there isn't now. sed -e "s/database_name_here/$WORDPRESS_DB/ s/username_here/$WORDPRESS_DB/ s/password_here/$WORDPRESS_PASSWORD/ /'AUTH_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/ /'SECURE_AUTH_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/ /'LOGGED_IN_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/ /'NONCE_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/ /'AUTH_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/ /'SECURE_AUTH_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/ /'LOGGED_IN_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/ /'NONCE_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/" /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config-sample.php > /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php } __httpd_perms() { chown apache:apache /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php } __start_mysql() { # systemctl start mysqld.service mysqladmin -u root password $MYSQL_PASSWORD mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "CREATE DATABASE wordpress; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wordpress'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$WORDPRESS_PASSWORD'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;" killall mysqld sleep 10 } __run_supervisor() { supervisord -n } # Call all functions __check __create_user __mysql_config __handle_passwords __httpd_perms __start_mysql __run_supervisor
添加以上配置后,我们需要将其保存然后退出。
4.创建配置文件
现在,我们需要为Nginx Web服务器创建名为nginx-site.conf的配置文件。
# nano nginx-site.conf
然后,我们将以下配置添加到配置文件中。
user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; #error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; pid /run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; index index.html index.htm index.php; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; root /usr/share/nginx/html; #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 ##location ~ \.php${ # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 #location ~ \.php${ root /usr/share/nginx/html; try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one ##location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } }
现在,我们将创建supervisord.conf文件,并添加以下几行,如下所示。
# nano supervisord.conf
然后,添加以下行。
[unix_http_server] file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; (the path to the socket file) [supervisord] logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log) logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB) logfile_backups=10 ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10) loglevel=info ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace) pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid) nodaemon=false ; (start in foreground if true;default false) minfds=1024 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024) minprocs=200 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200) ; the below section must remain in the config file for RPC ; (supervisorctl/web interface) to work, additional interfaces Jan be ; added by defining them in separate rpcinterface: sections [rpcinterface:supervisor] supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface [supervisorctl] serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix://URL for a unix socket [program:php-fpm] command=/usr/sbin/php-fpm -c /etc/php/fpm stdout_events_enabled=true stderr_events_enabled=true [program:php-fpm-log] command=tail -f /var/log/php-fpm/php-fpm.log stdout_events_enabled=true stderr_events_enabled=true [program:mysql] command=/usr/bin/mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --port=3306 stdout_events_enabled=true stderr_events_enabled=true [program:nginx] command=/usr/sbin/nginx stdout_events_enabled=true stderr_events_enabled=true [eventlistener:stdout] command = supervisor_stdout buffer_size = 100 events = PROCESS_LOG result_handler = supervisor_stdout:event_handler
添加后,我们将保存并退出文件。
5.构建WordPress容器
现在,在完成配置和脚本的创建之后,我们现在终于可以使用Dockerfile来构建所需的容器,并根据该配置安装和配置了最新的WordPress CMS。
为此,我们将在该目录中运行以下命令。
# docker build --rm -t wordpress:centos7 .
6.运行WordPress容器
现在,要运行我们新建的容器并分别为Nginx Web服务器和SSH访问打开端口80和22,我们将运行以下命令。
# CID=$(docker run -d -p 80:80 wordpress:centos7)
为了检查容器内执行的过程和命令,我们将运行以下命令。
# echo "$(docker logs $CID )"
要检查端口映射是否正确,请运行以下命令。
# docker ps
7. Web界面
最后,如果一切顺利,当将浏览器指向http://ip-address /或者http://mywebsite.com/时,WordPress将受到我们的欢迎。
现在,我们将逐步浏览Web界面,并为WordPress面板设置wordpress配置,用户名和密码。
然后,使用上面在WordPress登录页面中输入的用户名和密码。