如何为Android开发软键盘？
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时间：2020-08-20 10:23:55 来源:igfitidea点击:
How to develop a soft keyboard for Android?
提问by znq
I would like to play around with some ideas and develop a soft keyboard for Android to replace the default one.
我想尝试一些想法并为 Android 开发一个软键盘来替换默认键盘。
Is there any general information about soft keyboard development for Android out there? Any best practices or guidelines?
Can I do with my keyboard application pretty much anything I could do with a normal Android application?
Can I do HTTP connections to synchronize keyboard data with a cloud DB and other phones I have?
Can I open other windows/screens from a key press, e.g. to display a custom input interface different to a normal QWERTY one. If that doesn't work, can I use a pop-up dialog instead?
有没有关于 Android 软键盘开发的一般信息？任何最佳实践或指南？
我可以用我的键盘应用程序做任何我可以用普通 Android 应用程序做的事情吗？
我可以通过 HTTP 连接将键盘数据与云数据库和我拥有的其他手机同步吗？
我可以通过按键打开其他窗口/屏幕，例如显示与普通 QWERTY 不同的自定义输入界面。如果这不起作用，我可以改用弹出对话框吗？
采纳答案by Macarse
Some tips:
一些技巧：
- Read this tutorial: Creating an Input Method
- clone this repo: LatinIME
About your questions:
关于您的问题：
An inputMethod is basically an Android Service, so yes, you can do HTTP and all the stuff you can do in a Service.
inputMethod 基本上是一个 Android Service，所以是的，你可以做 HTTP 和所有你可以在Service.
You can open Activitiesand dialogs from the InputMethod. Once again, it's just a Service.
您可以Activities从InputMethod. 再一次，它只是一个Service.
I've been developing an IME, so ask again if you run into an issue.
我一直在开发 IME，所以如果您遇到问题，请再次询问。
回答by sravan
Create Custom Key Board for Own EditText
为自己的 EditText 创建自定义键盘
In this post i Created Simple Keyboard which contains Some special keys like ( France keys ) and it's supported Capital letters and small letters and Number keys and some Symbols .
在这篇文章中，我创建了简单的键盘，其中包含一些特殊键，例如（法国键），并且支持大写字母和小写字母以及数字键和一些符号。
package sra.keyboard;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.View.OnFocusChangeListener;
import android.view.View.OnTouchListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
public class Main extends Activity implements OnTouchListener, OnClickListener,
OnFocusChangeListener {
private EditText mEt, mEt1; // Edit Text boxes
private Button mBSpace, mBdone, mBack, mBChange, mNum;
private RelativeLayout mLayout, mKLayout;
private boolean isEdit = false, isEdit1 = false;
private String mUpper = "upper", mLower = "lower";
private int w, mWindowWidth;
private String sL[] = { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j",
"k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w",
"x", "y", "z", "?", "à", "é", "è", "?", "?" };
private String cL[] = { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J",
"K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W",
"X", "Y", "Z", "?", "à", "é", "è", "?", "?" };
private String nS[] = { "!", ")", "'", "#", "3", "$", "%", "&", "8", "*",
"?", "/", "+", "-", "9", "0", "1", "4", "@", "5", "7", "(", "2",
"\"", "6", "_", "=", "]", "[", "<", ">", "|" };
private Button mB[] = new Button[32];
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
try {
setContentView(R.layout.main);
// adjusting key regarding window sizes
setKeys();
setFrow();
setSrow();
setTrow();
setForow();
mEt = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.xEt);
mEt.setOnTouchListener(this);
mEt.setOnFocusChangeListener(this);
mEt1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et1);
mEt1.setOnTouchListener(this);
mEt1.setOnFocusChangeListener(this);
mEt.setOnClickListener(this);
mEt1.setOnClickListener(this);
mLayout = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.xK1);
mKLayout = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.xKeyBoard);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.w(getClass().getName(), e.toString());
}
}
@Override
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
if (v == mEt) {
hideDefaultKeyboard();
enableKeyboard();
}
if (v == mEt1) {
hideDefaultKeyboard();
enableKeyboard();
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (v == mBChange) {
if (mBChange.getTag().equals(mUpper)) {
changeSmallLetters();
changeSmallTags();
} else if (mBChange.getTag().equals(mLower)) {
changeCapitalLetters();
changeCapitalTags();
}
} else if (v != mBdone && v != mBack && v != mBChange && v != mNum) {
addText(v);
} else if (v == mBdone) {
disableKeyboard();
} else if (v == mBack) {
isBack(v);
} else if (v == mNum) {
String nTag = (String) mNum.getTag();
if (nTag.equals("num")) {
changeSyNuLetters();
changeSyNuTags();
mBChange.setVisibility(Button.INVISIBLE);
}
if (nTag.equals("ABC")) {
changeCapitalLetters();
changeCapitalTags();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
if (v == mEt && hasFocus == true) {
isEdit = true;
isEdit1 = false;
} else if (v == mEt1 && hasFocus == true) {
isEdit = false;
isEdit1 = true;
}
}
private void addText(View v) {
if (isEdit == true) {
String b = "";
b = (String) v.getTag();
if (b != null) {
// adding text in Edittext
mEt.append(b);
}
}
if (isEdit1 == true) {
String b = "";
b = (String) v.getTag();
if (b != null) {
// adding text in Edittext
mEt1.append(b);
}
}
}
private void isBack(View v) {
if (isEdit == true) {
CharSequence cc = mEt.getText();
if (cc != null && cc.length() > 0) {
{
mEt.setText("");
mEt.append(cc.subSequence(0, cc.length() - 1));
}
}
}
if (isEdit1 == true) {
CharSequence cc = mEt1.getText();
if (cc != null && cc.length() > 0) {
{
mEt1.setText("");
mEt1.append(cc.subSequence(0, cc.length() - 1));
}
}
}
}
private void changeSmallLetters() {
mBChange.setVisibility(Button.VISIBLE);
for (int i = 0; i < sL.length; i++)
mB[i].setText(sL[i]);
mNum.setTag("12#");
}
private void changeSmallTags() {
for (int i = 0; i < sL.length; i++)
mB[i].setTag(sL[i]);
mBChange.setTag("lower");
mNum.setTag("num");
}
private void changeCapitalLetters() {
mBChange.setVisibility(Button.VISIBLE);
for (int i = 0; i < cL.length; i++)
mB[i].setText(cL[i]);
mBChange.setTag("upper");
mNum.setText("12#");
}
private void changeCapitalTags() {
for (int i = 0; i < cL.length; i++)
mB[i].setTag(cL[i]);
mNum.setTag("num");
}
private void changeSyNuLetters() {
for (int i = 0; i < nS.length; i++)
mB[i].setText(nS[i]);
mNum.setText("ABC");
}
private void changeSyNuTags() {
for (int i = 0; i < nS.length; i++)
mB[i].setTag(nS[i]);
mNum.setTag("ABC");
}
// enabling customized keyboard
private void enableKeyboard() {
mLayout.setVisibility(RelativeLayout.VISIBLE);
mKLayout.setVisibility(RelativeLayout.VISIBLE);
}
// Disable customized keyboard
private void disableKeyboard() {
mLayout.setVisibility(RelativeLayout.INVISIBLE);
mKLayout.setVisibility(RelativeLayout.INVISIBLE);
}
private void hideDefaultKeyboard() {
getWindow().setSoftInputMode(
WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_ALWAYS_HIDDEN);
}
private void setFrow() {
w = (mWindowWidth / 13);
w = w - 15;
mB[16].setWidth(w);
mB[22].setWidth(w + 3);
mB[4].setWidth(w);
mB[17].setWidth(w);
mB[19].setWidth(w);
mB[24].setWidth(w);
mB[20].setWidth(w);
mB[8].setWidth(w);
mB[14].setWidth(w);
mB[15].setWidth(w);
mB[16].setHeight(50);
mB[22].setHeight(50);
mB[4].setHeight(50);
mB[17].setHeight(50);
mB[19].setHeight(50);
mB[24].setHeight(50);
mB[20].setHeight(50);
mB[8].setHeight(50);
mB[14].setHeight(50);
mB[15].setHeight(50);
}
private void setSrow() {
w = (mWindowWidth / 10);
mB[0].setWidth(w);
mB[18].setWidth(w);
mB[3].setWidth(w);
mB[5].setWidth(w);
mB[6].setWidth(w);
mB[7].setWidth(w);
mB[26].setWidth(w);
mB[9].setWidth(w);
mB[10].setWidth(w);
mB[11].setWidth(w);
mB[26].setWidth(w);
mB[0].setHeight(50);
mB[18].setHeight(50);
mB[3].setHeight(50);
mB[5].setHeight(50);
mB[6].setHeight(50);
mB[7].setHeight(50);
mB[9].setHeight(50);
mB[10].setHeight(50);
mB[11].setHeight(50);
mB[26].setHeight(50);
}
private void setTrow() {
w = (mWindowWidth / 12);
mB[25].setWidth(w);
mB[23].setWidth(w);
mB[2].setWidth(w);
mB[21].setWidth(w);
mB[1].setWidth(w);
mB[13].setWidth(w);
mB[12].setWidth(w);
mB[27].setWidth(w);
mB[28].setWidth(w);
mBack.setWidth(w);
mB[25].setHeight(50);
mB[23].setHeight(50);
mB[2].setHeight(50);
mB[21].setHeight(50);
mB[1].setHeight(50);
mB[13].setHeight(50);
mB[12].setHeight(50);
mB[27].setHeight(50);
mB[28].setHeight(50);
mBack.setHeight(50);
}
private void setForow() {
w = (mWindowWidth / 10);
mBSpace.setWidth(w * 4);
mBSpace.setHeight(50);
mB[29].setWidth(w);
mB[29].setHeight(50);
mB[30].setWidth(w);
mB[30].setHeight(50);
mB[31].setHeight(50);
mB[31].setWidth(w);
mBdone.setWidth(w + (w / 1));
mBdone.setHeight(50);
}
private void setKeys() {
mWindowWidth = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth(); // getting
// window
// height
// getting ids from xml files
mB[0] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xA);
mB[1] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xB);
mB[2] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xC);
mB[3] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xD);
mB[4] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xE);
mB[5] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xF);
mB[6] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xG);
mB[7] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xH);
mB[8] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xI);
mB[9] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xJ);
mB[10] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xK);
mB[11] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xL);
mB[12] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xM);
mB[13] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xN);
mB[14] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xO);
mB[15] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xP);
mB[16] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xQ);
mB[17] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xR);
mB[18] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xS);
mB[19] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xT);
mB[20] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xU);
mB[21] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xV);
mB[22] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xW);
mB[23] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xX);
mB[24] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xY);
mB[25] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xZ);
mB[26] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xS1);
mB[27] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xS2);
mB[28] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xS3);
mB[29] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xS4);
mB[30] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xS5);
mB[31] = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xS6);
mBSpace = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xSpace);
mBdone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xDone);
mBChange = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xChange);
mBack = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xBack);
mNum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.xNum);
for (int i = 0; i < mB.length; i++)
mB[i].setOnClickListener(this);
mBSpace.setOnClickListener(this);
mBdone.setOnClickListener(this);
mBack.setOnClickListener(this);
mBChange.setOnClickListener(this);
mNum.setOnClickListener(this);
}
}
回答by matto1990
A good place to start is the sample application provided on the developer docs.
- Guidelines would be to just make it as usable as possible. Take a look at the others available on the market to see what you should be aiming for
- Yes, services can do most things, including internet; provided you have asked for those permissions
- You can open activities and do anything you like n those if you run into a problem with doing some things in the keyboard. For example HTC's keyboard has a button to open the settings activity, and another to open a dialog to change languages.
- 指导方针是使其尽可能可用。看看市场上的其他产品，看看你的目标是什么
- 是的，服务可以做大多数事情，包括互联网；如果您已要求获得这些权限
- 如果您在键盘中执行某些操作时遇到问题，您可以打开活动并执行任何您喜欢的操作。例如 HTC 的键盘有一个按钮可以打开设置活动，另一个按钮可以打开一个对话框来更改语言。
Take a look at other IME's to see what you should be aiming for. Some (like the official one) are open source.
查看其他 IME 以了解您的目标。有些（如官方的）是开源的。
回答by SerCna
first of all you should define an .xml file and make keyboard UI in it:
首先，您应该定义一个 .xml 文件并在其中制作键盘 UI：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Keyboard xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:keyWidth="12.50%p"
android:keyHeight="7%p">
<!--
android:horizontalGap="0.50%p"
android:verticalGap="0.50%p"
NOTE When we add a horizontalGap in pixels, this interferes with keyWidth in percentages adding up to 100%
NOTE When we have a horizontalGap (on Keyboard level) of 0, this make the horizontalGap (on Key level) to move from after the key to before the key... (I consider this a bug)
-->
<Row>
<Key android:codes="-5" android:keyLabel="remove" android:keyEdgeFlags="left" />
<Key android:codes="48" android:keyLabel="0" />
<Key android:codes="55006" android:keyLabel="clear" />
</Row>
<Row>
<Key android:codes="49" android:keyLabel="1" android:keyEdgeFlags="left" />
<Key android:codes="50" android:keyLabel="2" />
<Key android:codes="51" android:keyLabel="3" />
</Row>
<Row>
<Key android:codes="52" android:keyLabel="4" android:keyEdgeFlags="left" />
<Key android:codes="53" android:keyLabel="5" />
<Key android:codes="54" android:keyLabel="6" />
</Row>
<Row>
<Key android:codes="55" android:keyLabel="7" android:keyEdgeFlags="left" />
<Key android:codes="56" android:keyLabel="8" />
<Key android:codes="57" android:keyLabel="9" />
</Row>
In this example you have 4 rows and in each row you have 3 keys. also you can put an icon in each key you want.
在此示例中，您有 4 行，每行中有 3 个键。你也可以在你想要的每个键上放一个图标。
Then you should add xml tag in your activity UI like this:
然后你应该在你的活动 UI 中添加 xml 标签，如下所示：
<android.inputmethodservice.KeyboardView
android:id="@+id/keyboardview1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@color/white"
android:focusable="true"
android:focusableInTouchMode="true"
android:visibility="visible" />
Also in your .java activity file you should define the keyboard and assign it to a EditText:
同样在您的 .java 活动文件中，您应该定义键盘并将其分配给 EditText：
CustomKeyboard mCustomKeyboard1 = new CustomKeyboard(this,
R.id.keyboardview1, R.xml.horizontal_keyboard);
mCustomKeyboard1.registerEditText(R.id.inputSearch);
This code asign inputSearch (which is a EditText) to your keyboard.
此代码将 inputSearch（它是一个 EditText）分配给您的键盘。
import android.app.Activity;
import android.inputmethodservice.Keyboard;
import android.inputmethodservice.KeyboardView;
import android.inputmethodservice.KeyboardView.OnKeyboardActionListener;
import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.InputType;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.View.OnFocusChangeListener;
import android.view.View.OnTouchListener;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class CustomKeyboard {
/** A link to the KeyboardView that is used to render this CustomKeyboard. */
private KeyboardView mKeyboardView;
/** A link to the activity that hosts the {@link #mKeyboardView}. */
private Activity mHostActivity;
/** The key (code) handler. */
private OnKeyboardActionListener mOnKeyboardActionListener = new OnKeyboardActionListener() {
public final static int CodeDelete = -5; // Keyboard.KEYCODE_DELETE
public final static int CodeCancel = -3; // Keyboard.KEYCODE_CANCEL
public final static int CodePrev = 55000;
public final static int CodeAllLeft = 55001;
public final static int CodeLeft = 55002;
public final static int CodeRight = 55003;
public final static int CodeAllRight = 55004;
public final static int CodeNext = 55005;
public final static int CodeClear = 55006;
@Override
public void onKey(int primaryCode, int[] keyCodes) {
// NOTE We can say '<Key android:codes="49,50" ... >' in the xml
// file; all codes come in keyCodes, the first in this list in
// primaryCode
// Get the EditText and its Editable
View focusCurrent = mHostActivity.getWindow().getCurrentFocus();
if (focusCurrent == null
|| focusCurrent.getClass() != EditText.class)
return;
EditText edittext = (EditText) focusCurrent;
Editable editable = edittext.getText();
int start = edittext.getSelectionStart();
// Apply the key to the edittext
if (primaryCode == CodeCancel) {
hideCustomKeyboard();
} else if (primaryCode == CodeDelete) {
if (editable != null && start > 0)
editable.delete(start - 1, start);
} else if (primaryCode == CodeClear) {
if (editable != null)
editable.clear();
} else if (primaryCode == CodeLeft) {
if (start > 0)
edittext.setSelection(start - 1);
} else if (primaryCode == CodeRight) {
if (start < edittext.length())
edittext.setSelection(start + 1);
} else if (primaryCode == CodeAllLeft) {
edittext.setSelection(0);
} else if (primaryCode == CodeAllRight) {
edittext.setSelection(edittext.length());
} else if (primaryCode == CodePrev) {
View focusNew = edittext.focusSearch(View.FOCUS_BACKWARD);
if (focusNew != null)
focusNew.requestFocus();
} else if (primaryCode == CodeNext) {
View focusNew = edittext.focusSearch(View.FOCUS_FORWARD);
if (focusNew != null)
focusNew.requestFocus();
} else { // insert character
editable.insert(start, Character.toString((char) primaryCode));
}
}
@Override
public void onPress(int arg0) {
}
@Override
public void onRelease(int primaryCode) {
}
@Override
public void onText(CharSequence text) {
}
@Override
public void swipeDown() {
}
@Override
public void swipeLeft() {
}
@Override
public void swipeRight() {
}
@Override
public void swipeUp() {
}
};
/**
* Create a custom keyboard, that uses the KeyboardView (with resource id
* <var>viewid</var>) of the <var>host</var> activity, and load the keyboard
* layout from xml file <var>layoutid</var> (see {@link Keyboard} for
* description). Note that the <var>host</var> activity must have a
* <var>KeyboardView</var> in its layout (typically aligned with the bottom
* of the activity). Note that the keyboard layout xml file may include key
* codes for navigation; see the constants in this class for their values.
* Note that to enable EditText's to use this custom keyboard, call the
* {@link #registerEditText(int)}.
*
* @param host
* The hosting activity.
* @param viewid
* The id of the KeyboardView.
* @param layoutid
* The id of the xml file containing the keyboard layout.
*/
public CustomKeyboard(Activity host, int viewid, int layoutid) {
mHostActivity = host;
mKeyboardView = (KeyboardView) mHostActivity.findViewById(viewid);
mKeyboardView.setKeyboard(new Keyboard(mHostActivity, layoutid));
mKeyboardView.setPreviewEnabled(false); // NOTE Do not show the preview
// balloons
mKeyboardView.setOnKeyboardActionListener(mOnKeyboardActionListener);
// Hide the standard keyboard initially
mHostActivity.getWindow().setSoftInputMode(
WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_ALWAYS_HIDDEN);
}
/** Returns whether the CustomKeyboard is visible. */
public boolean isCustomKeyboardVisible() {
return mKeyboardView.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;
}
/**
* Make the CustomKeyboard visible, and hide the system keyboard for view v.
*/
public void showCustomKeyboard(View v) {
mKeyboardView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
mKeyboardView.setEnabled(true);
if (v != null)
((InputMethodManager) mHostActivity
.getSystemService(Activity.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE))
.hideSoftInputFromWindow(v.getWindowToken(), 0);
}
/** Make the CustomKeyboard invisible. */
public void hideCustomKeyboard() {
mKeyboardView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
mKeyboardView.setEnabled(false);
}
/**
* Register <var>EditText<var> with resource id <var>resid</var> (on the
* hosting activity) for using this custom keyboard.
*
* @param resid
* The resource id of the EditText that registers to the custom
* keyboard.
*/
public void registerEditText(int resid) {
// Find the EditText 'resid'
EditText edittext = (EditText) mHostActivity.findViewById(resid);
// Make the custom keyboard appear
edittext.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() {
// NOTE By setting the on focus listener, we can show the custom
// keyboard when the edit box gets focus, but also hide it when the
// edit box loses focus
@Override
public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
if (hasFocus)
showCustomKeyboard(v);
else
hideCustomKeyboard();
}
});
edittext.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
// NOTE By setting the on click listener, we can show the custom
// keyboard again, by tapping on an edit box that already had focus
// (but that had the keyboard hidden).
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
showCustomKeyboard(v);
}
});
// Disable standard keyboard hard way
// NOTE There is also an easy way:
// 'edittext.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NULL)' (but you will not have a
// cursor, and no 'edittext.setCursorVisible(true)' doesn't work )
edittext.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {
@Override
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
EditText edittext = (EditText) v;
int inType = edittext.getInputType(); // Backup the input type
edittext.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NULL); // Disable standard
// keyboard
edittext.onTouchEvent(event); // Call native handler
edittext.setInputType(inType); // Restore input type
return true; // Consume touch event
}
});
// Disable spell check (hex strings look like words to Android)
edittext.setInputType(edittext.getInputType()
| InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS);
}
}
// NOTE How can we change the background color of some keys (like the
// shift/ctrl/alt)?
// NOTE What does android:keyEdgeFlags do/mean
