bash shell 脚本中的三重嵌套引号
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Triple nested quotations in shell script
提问by Degran
I'm trying to write a shell script that calls another script that then executes a rsync command.
The second script should run in its own terminal, so I use a gnome-terminal -e "..."command. One of the parameters of this script is a string containing the parameters that should be given to rsync. I put those into single quotes.
Up until here, everything worked fine until one of the rsync parameters was a directory path that contained a space. I tried numerous combinations of ',",\",\' but the script either doesn't run at all or only the first part of the path is taken.
我正在尝试编写一个 shell 脚本，该脚本调用另一个脚本，然后执行 rsync 命令。第二个脚本应该在它自己的终端中运行，所以我使用了一个gnome-terminal -e "..."命令。此脚本的参数之一是包含应提供给 rsync 的参数的字符串。我把它们放在单引号中。到这里为止，一切正常，直到 rsync 参数之一是包含空格的目录路径。我尝试了多种 ',",\",\' 组合，但脚本要么根本不运行，要么只采用路径的第一部分。
Here's a slightly modified version of the code I'm using
这是我正在使用的代码的稍微修改版本
gnome-terminal -t 'Rsync scheduled backup' -e "nice -10 /Scripts/BackupScript/Backup.sh 0 0 '/Scripts/BackupScript/Stamp' '/Scripts/BackupScript/test' '--dry-run -g -o -p -t -R -u --inplace --delete -r -l '\''/media/MyAndroid/Internal storage'\''' "
Within Backup.shthis command is run
在Backup.sh此命令中运行
rsync "$path"
where the destination $pathis calculated from text in Stamp.
其中目的地$path是根据Stamp.
How can I achieve these three levels of nested quotations?
如何实现这三个层次的嵌套引用？
These are some question I looked at just now (I've tried other sources earlier as well)
这些是我刚才看到的一些问题（我之前也尝试过其他来源）
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/23347/wrapping-a-command-that-includes-single-and-double-quotes-for-another-command
- how to make nested double quotes survive the bash interpreter?
- Using multiple layers of quotes in bash
- Nested quotes bash
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/23347/wrapping-a-command-that-includes-single-and-double-quotes-for-another-command
- 如何使嵌套的双引号在 bash 解释器中幸存下来？
- 在bash中使用多层引号
- 嵌套引号 bash
I was unsuccessful in applying the solutions to my problem.
我未能成功地将解决方案应用于我的问题。
采纳答案by Sir Athos
Here is an example. caller.shuses gnome-terminalto execute foo.sh, which in turn prints all the arguments and then calls rsyncwith the first argument.
这是一个例子。caller.sh用于gnome-terminalexecute foo.sh，它依次打印所有参数，然后rsync使用第一个参数调用。
caller.sh:
来电者.sh：
#!/bin/bash
gnome-terminal -t "TEST" -e "./foo.sh 'long path' arg2 arg3"
foo.sh:
foo.sh:
#!/bin/bash
echo $# arguments
for i; do # same as: for i in "$@"; do
echo "$i"
done
rsync "" "some other path"
Edit:If $1contains several parameters to rsync, some of which are long paths, the above won't work, since bash either passes "$1"as one parameter, or $1as multiple parameters, splitting it without regard to contained quotes.
编辑：如果$1rsync 包含多个参数，其中一些是长路径，则上述方法将不起作用，因为 bash 要么"$1"作为一个参数传递，要么$1作为多个参数传递，将其拆分而不考虑包含的引号。
There is (at least) one workaround, you can trick bash as follows:
有（至少）一种解决方法，您可以按如下方式欺骗 bash：
caller2.sh:
caller2.sh:
#!/bin/bash
gnome-terminal -t "TEST" -e "./foo.sh '--option1 --option2 \"long path\"' arg2 arg3"
foo2.sh:
foo2.sh：
#!/bin/bash
rsync_command="rsync "
eval "$rsync_command"
This will do the equivalent of typing rsync --option1 --option2 "long path"on the command line.
这将相当于rsync --option1 --option2 "long path"在命令行上键入。
WARNING: This hack introduces a security vulnerability, $1can be crafted to execute multiple commands if the user has any influence whatsoever over the string content (e.g. '--option1 --option2 \"long path\"; echo YOU HAVE BEEN OWNED'will run rsyncand then executethe echocommand).
警告：本hack引入了一个安全漏洞，$1可以制作如果用户具有任何在字符串内容的任何影响执行多个命令（例如'--option1 --option2 \"long path\"; echo YOU HAVE BEEN OWNED'将运行rsync，然后执行该echo命令）。
回答by JimR
Did you try escaping the space in the path with "\ " (no quotes)?
您是否尝试使用“\”（无引号）转义路径中的空格？
gnome-terminal -t 'Rsync scheduled backup' -e "nice -10 /Scripts/BackupScript/Backup.sh 0 0 '/Scripts/BackupScript/Stamp' '/Scripts/BackupScript/test' '--dry-run -g -o -p -t -R -u --inplace --delete -r -l ''/media/MyAndroid/Internal\ storage''' "
gnome-terminal -t 'Rsync scheduled backup' -e "nice -10 /Scripts/BackupScript/Backup.sh 0 0 '/Scripts/BackupScript/Stamp' '/Scripts/BackupScript/test' '--dry-run -g -o -p -t -R -u --inplace --delete -r -l ''/media/MyAndroid/Internal\ storage''' "
