bash 在子目录中查找和 gzip 文件
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Find and gzip files in subdirectories
提问by Ubuntuser
I have *.xls files in the location /home/Docs/Calc. There are multiple subdirectories inside that folder. Eg
我在 /home/Docs/Calc 位置有 *.xls 文件。该文件夹中有多个子目录。例如
/home/Docs/Calc/2011
/home/Docs/Calc/2012
/home/Docs/Calc/2013
I can gzip each file under the subdirectories using the find command,
我可以使用 find 命令对子目录下的每个文件进行 gzip，
find /home/Docs/Calc -iname "*.xls" -exec gzip {} \;
but how can I gzip all the files in each subdirectory ? eg.
但是我怎样才能 gzip 每个子目录中的所有文件？例如。
/home/Docs/Calc/2011/2011.tar.gz
/home/Docs/Calc/2012/2012.tar.gz
/home/Docs/Calc/2013/2013.tar.gz
I must add that /home/Docs/Calc is one of the many folders eg Calc-work, calc-tax, calc-bills. All of these have the year subfolders in them
我必须补充一点，/home/Docs/Calc 是许多文件夹之一，例如 Calc-work、calc-tax、calc-bills。所有这些都有年份子文件夹
回答by icktoofay
Since we don't have to recurse, I'd approach it not with findbut with globbing and a forloop. If we're in the Calcdirectory, echo *will give us all the directory names:
由于我们不必递归，我不会使用find而是使用通配符和for循环来处理它。如果我们在Calc目录中，echo *会给我们所有的目录名称：
~/Docs/Calc$ echo *
2011 2012 2013
It just so happens that we can use a forloop to iterate over these and tar them up in the usual way:
碰巧我们可以使用for循环来迭代这些并以通常的方式将它们压缩：
for year in *; do
tar czf $year.tar.gz $year
done
If you want the resulting tarballs in the year directories, you could add an mvafter the tarcommand. I'd be hesitant to put the tarball in the directory from outset or tar might start trying to tar its own output into itself.
如果您希望在年份目录中生成 tarball，您可以mv在tar命令后添加一个。我会犹豫是否从一开始就将 tarball 放在目录中，否则 tar 可能会开始尝试将自己的输出 tar 到自身中。
回答by Lei Mou
Try this:
尝试这个：
find /home/Docs/Calc -type d -exec tar cvzf {}.tar.gz {} \;
回答by konsolebox
Try this script as well:
也试试这个脚本：
#!/bin/bash
find /home/Docs/Calc/ -mindepth 1 -type d | while read -r DIR; do
NAME=${DIR##*/}
pushd "$DIR" >/dev/null && {
tar -cvpzf "${NAME}.tar.gz" *
popd >/dev/null
}
done
回答by Radu R?deanu
You can use the following shell script:
您可以使用以下 shell 脚本：
#!/bin/bash
cd /home/Docs/Calc/
find=`find . -type d`
for f in $find; do
cd $f
tar -cvz *.xls >> ${f##*/}.tar.gz
cd -
done
回答by Kevin
I set up a simple function in my .bashrc:
我在我的 .bashrc 中设置了一个简单的函数：
function gzdp () {
find . -type f -name "$@" -exec gzip {} \;
}
The $@automatically gets replaced with whatever comes after gzdpwhen you call the function. Now, in your command window you can navigate to the /home/Docs/Calc/folder and just call:
当您调用该函数时，它会$@自动替换为之后的任何内容gzdp。现在，在您的命令窗口中，您可以导航到该/home/Docs/Calc/文件夹并调用：
gzdp *.txt
and it should zip all .txt files in all lower subdirectories.
它应该压缩所有较低子目录中的所有 .txt 文件。
Not sure if this helps or not, my first post on this website. Careful that you don't accidentally gzipunwanted .txt files.
不知道这是否有帮助，我在这个网站上的第一篇文章。小心不要意外损坏gzip.txt 文件。
