在 Spring 单元测试期间无法加载 ApplicationContext
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时间：2020-09-08 06:32:16 来源:igfitidea点击:
Failed to Load ApplicationContext during Spring unit test
提问by Prancer
I am trying to run a Junit functional test using Springs java-config for my application context. I am not sure if it is a problem with Spring or Junit... just not sure.. The application runs fine on my local server (hitting the db), but when I try to run my test it bombs out. I just moved from xml to java config so I can always import my xml context files (which I know works in my tests) but going forward I would rather just use my java config.
我正在尝试使用 Springs java-config 为我的应用程序上下文运行 Junit 功能测试。我不确定这是 Spring 还是 Junit 的问题......只是不确定......该应用程序在我的本地服务器上运行良好（命中数据库），但是当我尝试运行我的测试时它会爆炸。我刚刚从 xml 转移到 java 配置，所以我总是可以导入我的 xml 上下文文件（我知道它在我的测试中有效），但今后我宁愿只使用我的 java 配置。
My Test Class
我的测试班
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class,
classes = { AppConfig.class, ServletConfig.class })
@EnvironmentConfiguration(db2Enabled = true)
public class EventDAOTest {
The StackTrace
堆栈跟踪
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:45 AM com.aoins.config.CachingPropertyFileReader <clinit>
SEVERE: ERROR - Configuration Framework not detected!
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:45 AM com.aoins.config.CachingPropertyFileReader readFile
SEVERE: Unable to build property reference for: (common).
2014-02-04 11:51:45,510 | DEBUG | : | LoggerConfigurer | Msg: Log4j configured with: 'C:/javalog/log4jPCProperties.xml'
2014-02-04 11:51:48,248 | INFO | : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: DB2 Connection was established
2014-02-04 11:51:48,279 | INFO | : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: CICS Connection was established
2014-02-04 11:51:48,279 | INFO | : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: JMS Connection was NOT established according to the configuration
2014-02-04 11:51:48,279 | INFO | : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: EMail Connection was NOT established according to the configuration
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:48 AM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@215d215d: startup date [Tue Feb 04 11:51:48 EST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/associates],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associate.AssociateDataController.retrieveAssociates(java.lang.String)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/associateFilterTypes],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterTypes()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/associateFilterTypes/{pTypeCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterType(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterTypeNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/dateFilterTypes],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterTypes()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/dateFilterTypes/{pTypeCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterType(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterTypeNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/departments/{pDepartmentCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.department.DepartmentDataController.retrieveDepartment(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.department.DepartmentNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/divisions],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.division.DivisionDataController.retrieveDivisionsDepartments()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public java.lang.String com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventController.showEvents()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[//Test],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public java.lang.String com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventController.showTests()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/events/{pEventId}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataController.retrieveEvent(java.lang.Integer)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/events],methods=[GET],params=[page && associateFilter && dateFilter],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataController.retrieveFiltered(com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterType,com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterType,java.lang.Integer,com.aoins.sales.user.User)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/events],methods=[POST],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[application/json],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataController.saveEvent(com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventBeanImpl,com.aoins.sales.user.User) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/Public/events],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public java.util.List<com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.Event> com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataPublicController.doList()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/Public/events/{pEventId}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.Event com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataPublicController.doRetrieve(java.lang.Integer)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/eventTypes],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.eventtype.EventTypeDataController.retrieveEventTypes()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/eventTypes/{pTypeCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.eventtype.EventTypeDataController.retrieveEventType(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.eventtype.EventTypeNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager prepareTestInstance
SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@20c820c8] to prepare test instance [com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDAOTest@f7e0f7e]
Throwable occurred: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:326)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access@WebAppConfiguration
0(ParentRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
at com.aoins.func.tester.AOSpringFunctionalTester.run(AOSpringFunctionalTester.java:48)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'defaultServletHandlerMapping' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/web/servlet/config/annotation/DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport.defaultServletHandlerMapping()] threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:592)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1094)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:989)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:700)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:121)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
... 26 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport.defaultServletHandlerMapping()] threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:188)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:581)
... 41 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
at java.lang.Throwable.<init>(Throwable.java:67)
at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:111)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer.<init>(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer.java:54)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport.defaultServletHandlerMapping(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.java:330)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerByCGLIB$4f0b6f.CGLIB$defaultServletHandlerMapping(<generated>)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerByCGLIB$4f0b6f$$FastClassByCGLIB$$ff8cbba8.invoke(<generated>)
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:326)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerByCGLIB$4f0b6f.defaultServletHandlerMapping(<generated>)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:60)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:611)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:166)
... 42 more
So it appears that it is not finding the configuration framework, but I have been following the reference guides and API... not sure what I am missing or not configuring correctly. I am using Spring 4.0, Junit 4.10
所以它似乎没有找到配置框架，但我一直在遵循参考指南和 API ......不确定我缺少什么或没有正确配置。我使用的是 Spring 4.0、Junit 4.10
Also, for each test it throws this error. That to me means it is trying to load the ApplicationContext again (prepareRefresh)... once for each @Test -- that also doesn't make sense to me...
此外，对于每次测试，它都会引发此错误。这对我来说意味着它正在尝试再次加载 ApplicationContext（prepareRefresh）......每个@Test 一次——这对我来说也没有意义......
Here are some resources:
以下是一些资源：
采纳答案by Sotirios Delimanolis
You'll need to annotate your test class with
你需要用
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
so that the test environment provides your WebApplicationContextwith a mock ServletContextrequired by your MVC configuration.
以便测试环境为您WebApplicationContext提供ServletContextMVC 配置所需的模拟。
回答by Peter
I moved from spring 3.2.0 to 4.0.3 and had to update my javax.servlet dependency (in maven) from servlet 2.5 to servlet 3.0.1. The final dependency was
我从 spring 3.2.0 迁移到 4.0.3，并且不得不将我的 javax.servlet 依赖项（在 maven 中）从 servlet 2.5 更新到 servlet 3.0.1。最后的依赖是
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>3.2.14.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Then it worked
然后它起作用了
回答by LukaszQr
Since a couple people mentioned Servlet version issues:
由于有几个人提到了 Servlet 版本问题：
As of Spring 4.0 the set of mocks is now based on the Servlet 3.0 API.
从 Spring 4.0 开始，这组模拟现在基于 Servlet 3.0 API。
You have two options:
您有两个选择：
- use 3.2.x spring-test dependency
- 使用 3.2.x spring-test 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
- upgrade to servlet 3.0
- 升级到 servlet 3.0
testCompile 'javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:3.1.0'
回答by unify
In gradle
在gradle中
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
<artifactId>geronimo-servlet_3.0_spec</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Note: this works for me even though I'm testing against Google App Engine (servlet 2.4) Because it is only used for tests.
注意：即使我正在针对 Google App Engine (servlet 2.4) 进行测试，这也适用于我，因为它仅用于测试。
回答by daemon
the way to solve such problems - try to force import of the notFoundClass manually, by smth like: Class c = javax.servlet.SessionCookieConfig.class;
解决此类问题的方法 - 尝试手动强制导入 notFoundClass，例如： Class c = javax.servlet.SessionCookieConfig.class;
so Idea+Maven suggested me to add maven dependency, i agreed. And suddenly in pom.xml the code appeared:
所以 Idea+Maven 建议我添加 maven 依赖，我同意了。突然在 pom.xml 中出现了代码：
##代码##then i removed "Class c = javax.servlet.SessionCookieConfig.class;" - there is no need in it, rather than to load necessary dependency.
然后我删除了“Class c = javax.servlet.SessionCookieConfig.class;” - 没有必要在里面，而不是加载必要的依赖项。
回答by Maarten Winkels
You can add a MockServletContext to your test applicationContext. The MockServletContext can be found in spring-test.jar (or maven dependency). You should (obviously) not use this in production, but only register it in a context that you include in your test context.
您可以将 MockServletContext 添加到您的测试 applicationContext。MockServletContext 可以在 spring-test.jar（或 maven 依赖）中找到。您（显然）不应在生产中使用它，而应仅在包含在测试上下文中的上下文中注册它。
回答by Ambuj Sinha
Use @ActiveProfiles({"{test", "default"}) annotation
使用@ActiveProfiles({"{test", "default"}) 注释
