C++ 对自定义类型的列表进行排序
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Sorting a list of a custom type
提问by Christian
I want to have a stl list
of objects where each object contains two int
's.
Afterwards I want to sort the list with stl::sort after the value of the first int
.
How do I tell the sort function that it's supposed to sort after the first int
?
我想要一个 stllist
对象,其中每个对象都包含两个int
。之后,我想在 first 的值之后使用 stl::sort 对列表进行排序int
。我如何告诉排序函数它应该在第一个之后排序int
?
回答by Kerrek SB
You can specify a custom sort predicate. In C++11 this is best done with a lambda:
您可以指定自定义排序谓词。在 C++11 中,这最好用 lambda 来完成:
typedef std::pair<int, int> ipair;
std::list<ipair> thelist;
thelist.sort([](const ipair & a, const ipair & b) { return a.first < b.first; });
In older versions of C++ you have to write an appropriate function:
在旧版本的 C++ 中,您必须编写适当的函数:
bool compFirst(const ipair & a, const ipair & b) { return a.first < b.first; }
thelist.sort(compFirst);
(Instead if ipair
you can of course have your own data structure; just modify the comparison function accordingly to access the relevant data member.)
(相反,如果ipair
您当然可以拥有自己的数据结构;只需相应地修改比较函数即可访问相关数据成员。)
Finally, if this makes sense, you can also equip your custom class with an operator<
. That allows you to use the class freely in any ordered context, but be sure to understand the consequences of that.
最后,如果这是有道理的,您还可以为您的自定义类配备operator<
. 这允许您在任何有序上下文中自由使用该类,但请务必了解其后果。
回答by thiton
std::list::sort has a one-argument form, with the first argument being the comparison function.
std::list::sort有一个单参数形式,第一个参数是比较函数。
回答by shuttle87
You can do something like this:
你可以这样做:
typedef std::pair<int,int>;
list<my_type> test_list;
bool my_compare (my_type a, my_type b)
{
return a.first < b.first;
}
test_list.sort(my_compare);
If the type was a struct or class it would work something like this:
如果类型是结构体或类,它会像这样工作:
struct some_struct{
int first;
int second;
};
list<some_struct> test_list;
bool my_compare (const some_struct& a,const some_struct& b)
{
return a.first < b.first;
}
test_list.sort(my_compare);
Or alternatively you can define operator <
for your struct and just call test_list.sort()
或者,您可以operator <
为您的结构定义并调用test_list.sort()