Linux 我可以恢复在 vim 上次更改期间丢失的代码吗？

Can I recover my code lost during my last change in vim?

提问by CCC

I am very sad I deleted wrong function without commit to SVN server by using vim After I compiled it I found I made the mistake. I 'make' the file also via vim.

我很伤心我删除了错误的函数，而没有使用 vim 提交到 SVN 服务器 编译后我发现我犯了错误。我也通过vim“制作”了这个文件。

Now I haven't closed the file and it has .swp file. I tried to use 'u' command to restore my deletion but failed. vim said it's the latest changes. sigh.... Anyway I can restore my function?

现在我还没有关闭文件，它有 .swp 文件。我尝试使用“u”命令来恢复我的删除，但失败了。vim 说这是最新的变化。叹....反正我能恢复我的功能吗？

Million thanks.

万感谢。

采纳答案by sehe

To make Drasils pointer a lot more explicit:

为了使 Drasils 指针更加明确：

 :undolist

g-to 'go back in time'

g-'回到过去'

g+to 'go forward in time'

g+'及时前进'

Vim 7.3+ has undo 'branches': meaning that it will save state snapshots, even if linear history was overwritten (so it isn't reachable by simple uand )

Vim 7.3+ 具有撤消“分支”：这意味着它会保存状态快照，即使线性历史被覆盖（因此它无法通过简单的u和）

回答by Andrew Aylett

Vim usually saves the previous version of any file edited as a backup with a ~appended -- you could check to see whether that file is there and if so, whether it's got the right contents.

Vim 通常将任何编辑过的文件的先前版本保存为带有~附加的备份——您可以检查该文件是否存在，如果存在，则它是否包含正确的内容。

回答by Drasill

I don't know if you can recover something here, but for the future, if you user vim 7.3, you should active these options I explain in my previous comment.

我不知道你是否可以在这里恢复一些东西，但是对于未来，如果你使用 vim 7.3，你应该激活我在我之前的评论中解释的这些选项。

I must say that the saveversplugin has saved me a lot of hours ;-)

我必须说，savevers插件为我节省了很多时间；-)

回答by alpha_989

There are a couple of ways to recover text that you may have unwittingly lost due to a crash or because you closed your program unintentionally.

有几种方法可以恢复由于崩溃或无意关闭程序而无意中丢失的文本。

1. Use persistent-undo. Persistent undo provides almost all the features provided by swap/backup file option in points #2 and #3, along with some other options such as granular history traversal.

   a. Set persistent-undoon:

   Put this in your .vimrc:

   set undofileset undodir=~/.vim/undodir

   b. Create the undodir

   mkdir ~/.vim/undodir

   c. To undo a change, use either of the following options

   1) g+in normal mode to go forward in history

   2) g-in normal mode to go backward in history

   3). :earlier 20sto go back in time by 20s or earlier 10mto go back in time by 10min etc

   4) :later 20sto go forward in time by 20s or later 10mto go forward in time by 10min etc

   5). Use :undolistto get a list of undo changes

   d. To get a visualization of your undo-branches, you can use plugins like gundo.vim: http://bitbucket.org/sjl/gundo.vim/to visualize the branches

2. Use backup files

   a. Use this in your .vimrcset backup

   b. Set up the backup directory by putting this in your .vimrcset backupdir=~/tmp/

   c. Set up the backup file name to be added to the backup file by setting this in your .vimrcset backupext=string

3. Use swap files

   a. Use this in your .vimrcset swapfile

   b. Set up the swap directory by putting this in your .vimrc. This may not be a good idea, because it will prevent you from having two files with the same names, or cause conflicts in swap file names.

   set directory=~/tmp/

   A better option is to provide multiple paths, so if vim encounters a conflict it can then save it to the directory that it can write to using

   set directory=,~/tmp/

   In this case, it will try to write the swap file to the current directory. If it can't, then it will attempt to write it to the ~/tmpdirectory

   c. Set up the backup file name to be added to the backup file by setting this in your .vimrc

   set backupext=string

1. 使用持久撤消。持久性撤消提供了点 #2 和 #3 中交换/备份文件选项提供的几乎所有功能，以及一些其他选项，例如粒度历史遍历。

   一种。设置persistent-undo：

   把它放在你的.vimrc：

   set undofileset undodir=~/.vim/undodir

   湾 创建撤销目录

   mkdir ~/.vim/undodir

   C。要撤消更改，请使用以下任一选项

   1） g+在普通模式下在历史上前进

   2） g-在普通模式下历史倒退

   3）。 :earlier 20s回到过去 20 秒或earlier 10m回到过去 10 分钟等

   4) :later 20s及时前进 20s 或later 10m前进 10min 等

   5）。使用:undolist获得的撤消更改的列表

   d. 要可视化您的撤消分支，您可以使用以下插件gundo.vim：http: //bitbucket.org/sjl/gundo.vim/来可视化分支

2. 使用备份文件

   一种。在你的.vimrcset backup

   湾 通过将其放在您的备份目录中来设置备份目录.vimrcset backupdir=~/tmp/

   C。通过在您的.vimrcset backupext=string

3. 使用交换文件

   一种。在你的.vimrcset swapfile

   湾 把它放在你的.vimrc. 这可能不是一个好主意，因为它会阻止您拥有两个同名的文件，或者导致交换文件名冲突。

   set directory=~/tmp/

   更好的选择是提供多个路径，因此如果 vim 遇到冲突，它可以将其保存到它可以写入的目录中使用

   set directory=,~/tmp/

   在这种情况下，它会尝试将交换文件写入当前目录。如果不能，那么它将尝试将其写入~/tmp目录

   C。通过在您的.vimrc

   set backupext=string

TL;DRUse persistent-undo. It provides almost all features of swapand backup, and provides additional features such as granular undo which is not provided by backupand swapfile options.

TL;DR使用persistent-undo。它提供了swap和 的几乎所有功能backup，并提供了其他功能，例如backup和swap文件选项未提供的粒度撤消。

References1. ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/doc/book/vimbook-OPL.pdf

参考资料1. ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/doc/book/vimbook-OPL.pdf