java @Autowired Bean 在 Spring Boot 单元测试中为 NULL
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@Autowired Bean is NULL in Spring Boot Unit Test
提问by alwaysStuckJava
I am new to JUnitand automated testing and really want to get into automating my tests. This is a Spring Boot application. I have used Java Based Annotation style instead of XML based configuration.
我是JUnit自动化测试的新手，真的很想开始自动化我的测试。这是一个 Spring Boot 应用程序。我使用了基于 Java 的注释样式而不是基于 XML 的配置。
I have a test class in which I'd like to test a method which retrieves a response based on a users' input.
我有一个测试类，我想在其中测试一种根据用户输入检索响应的方法。
Testing class:
测试类：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SampleTest(){
@Autowired
private SampleClass sampleClass;
@Test
public void testInput(){
String sampleInput = "hi";
String actualResponse = sampleClass.retrieveResponse(sampleInput);
assertEquals("You typed hi", actualResponse);
}
}
Inside my "SampleClass" I have autowired a bean like this.
在我的“SampleClass”中，我已经自动装配了一个这样的 bean。
@Autowired
private OtherSampleClass sampleBean;
Inside my "OtherSampleClass" I have annotated a method like so:
在我的“OtherSampleClass”中，我注释了一个方法，如下所示：
@Bean(name = "sampleBean")
public void someMethod(){
....
}
The issue I'm having is when I try to run the test without the @RunWithand @SpringBootTestannotations when I try to run the test my variables annotated @Autowiredare null. And when I try to run the test with those annotations RunWith & SpringBootTest then I get an
我遇到的问题是，当我尝试在没有@RunWith和@SpringBootTest注释的情况下运行测试时，当我尝试运行测试时，我注释@Autowired的变量为空。当我尝试使用这些注释 RunWith & SpringBootTest 运行测试时，我得到一个
IllegalStateException caused by BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name "sampleBean" AND failure to load application context caused by BeanInstantiationException.
由 BeanCreationException 引起的 IllegalStateException：创建名为“sampleBean”的 bean 时出错，并且无法加载由 BeanInstantiationException 引起的应用程序上下文。
The code works 'properly' when I try to use it as a user would so I can always test this way but I think automated tests would be good for the longevity of the program.
当我尝试像用户一样使用它时，代码“正常”工作，所以我总是可以用这种方式进行测试，但我认为自动化测试对程序的寿命有好处。
I have used the Spring Boot Testing Docsto assist me in this.
我已经使用Spring Boot 测试文档来帮助我解决这个问题。
回答by Eddy
The following config works for me.
以下配置对我有用。
File: build.gradle
文件： build.gradle
testCompile("junit:junit:4.12")
testCompile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
File: MYServiceTest.java
文件： MYServiceTest.java
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class,
webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MYServiceTest {
@Autowired
private MYService myService;
@Test
public void test_method() {
myService.run();
}
}
回答by Glenn Van Schil
It's best to keep Spring outof your unittests as much as possible. Instead of Autowiring your bean just create them as a regular object
最好尽可能将 Spring排除在单元测试之外。而不是自动装配你的 bean 只是将它们创建为一个常规对象
OtherSampleClass otherSampleClass = mock(OtherSampleClass.class);
SampleClass sampleClass = new SampleClass(otherSampleClass);
But for this you need to use the Constructor injection instead of Field Injection which improves testability.
但是为此，您需要使用构造函数注入而不是字段注入来提高可测试性。
Replace this
替换这个
@Autowired
private OtherSampleClass sampleBean;
With this
有了这个
private OtherSampleClass sampleBean;
@Autowired
public SampleClass(OtherSampleClass sampleBean){
this.sampleBean = sampleBean;
}
Take a look at thisanswer for an other code example
看看其他代码示例的这个答案
回答by AdamIJK
No need to inject (@Autowired private SampleClass sampleClass;) your actual class which you are testing, and remove SpringBootTest annotation,
SpringBootTest annotation used for integration test cases.
find the following code will help you.
无需注入 ( @Autowired private SampleClass sampleClass;) 您正在测试的实际类，并删除 SpringBootTest 注释，
用于集成测试用例的 SpringBootTest 注释。
找到下面的代码会帮助你。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class SampleTest(){
private SampleClass sampleClass;
