如何在 Windows 上递归遍历 C 中的目录
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How to recursively traverse directories in C on Windows
提问by pmilb
Ultimately I want to travel through a folder's files and subdirectories and write something to all files i find that have a certain extension(.wav in my case). when looping how do i tell if the item I am at is a directory?
最终，我想遍历文件夹的文件和子目录，并向我发现具有特定扩展名的所有文件写入一些内容（在我的情况下为 .wav）。循环时如何判断我所在的项目是否是目录？
回答by Luke
Here is how you do it (this is all from memory so there may be errors):
这是您的操作方法（这完全来自记忆，因此可能存在错误）：
void FindFilesRecursively(LPCTSTR lpFolder, LPCTSTR lpFilePattern)
{
TCHAR szFullPattern[MAX_PATH];
WIN32_FIND_DATA FindFileData;
HANDLE hFindFile;
// first we are going to process any subdirectories
PathCombine(szFullPattern, lpFolder, _T("*"));
hFindFile = FindFirstFile(szFullPattern, &FindFileData);
if(hFindFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
do
{
if(FindFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
{
// found a subdirectory; recurse into it
PathCombine(szFullPattern, lpFolder, FindFileData.cFileName);
FindFilesRecursively(szFullPattern, lpFilePattern);
}
} while(FindNextFile(hFindFile, &FindFileData));
FindClose(hFindFile);
}
// Now we are going to look for the matching files
PathCombine(szFullPattern, lpFolder, lpFilePattern);
hFindFile = FindFirstFile(szFullPattern, &FindFileData);
if(hFindFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
do
{
if(!(FindFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
{
// found a file; do something with it
PathCombine(szFullPattern, lpFolder, FindFileData.cFileName);
_tprintf_s(_T("%s\n"), szFullPattern);
}
} while(FindNextFile(hFindFile, &FindFileData));
FindClose(hFindFile);
}
}
So you could call this like
所以你可以这样称呼它
FindFilesRecursively(_T("C:\WINDOWS"), _T("*.wav"));
to find all the *.wav files in C:\WINDOWS and its subdirectories.
在 C:\WINDOWS 及其子目录中查找所有 *.wav 文件。
Technically you don't have to do two FindFirstFile() calls, but I find the pattern matching functions Microsoft provides (i.e. PathMatchFileSpec or whatever) aren't as capable as FindFirstFile(). Though for "*.wav" it would probably be fine.
从技术上讲，您不必执行两次 FindFirstFile() 调用，但我发现 Microsoft 提供的模式匹配函数（即 PathMatchFileSpec 或其他）不如 FindFirstFile() 功能强大。虽然对于“*.wav”来说可能没问题。
回答by Jerry Coffin
Based on your mention of .wav, I'm going to guess you're writing code for Windows (that seems to be where *.wavfiles are most common). In this case, you use FindFirstFileand FindNextFileto traverse directories. These use a WIN32_FIND_DATAstructure, which has a member dwFileAttributesthat contains flags telling the attributes of the file. If dwAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORYis non-zero, you have the name of a directory.
根据您提到的.wav，我猜您正在为 Windows 编写代码（这似乎是*.wav文件最常见的地方）。在这种情况下，您使用FindFirstFile和FindNextFile来遍历目录。它们使用一个WIN32_FIND_DATA结构，该结构具有一个成员dwFileAttributes，该成员包含告诉文件属性的标志。如果dwAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY不为零，则您具有目录的名称。
回答by motiwert
Very Helpful. I had anyway, a stack overflow since it was always adding "." to the path and returning to the same path = endless loop.
很有帮助。无论如何，我有一个堆栈溢出，因为它总是添加“。” 到路径并返回相同的路径 = 无限循环。
Adding this solved it:
添加这个解决了它：
// found a subdirectory; recurse into it
PathCombine(szFullPattern, lpFolder, FindFileData.cFileName);
FindFilesRecursively(szFullPattern, lpPattern);
if (FindFileData.cFileName[0] == '.') continue;
// found a subdirectory; recurse into it
PathCombine(szFullPattern, lpFolder, FindFileData.cFileName);
FindFilesRecursively(szFullPattern, lpPattern);
if (FindFileData.cFileName[0] == '.') continue;
回答by K Singh
回答by jspcal
opendir and readdir (on unix), here's an example:
opendir 和 readdir（在 unix 上），这是一个例子：
http://opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908775/xsh/readdir.html
http://opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908775/xsh/readdir.html
or FindFirstFile on windows
或 Windows 上的 FindFirstFile
you could also use the shell pretty easily:
你也可以很容易地使用 shell：
find . -name "*.wav"
or
ls **/*.wav (in zsh and newer bashes)
