bash 如何在 shell 脚本中获取 INI 值？

How do I grab an INI value within a shell script?

提问by Stephen Watkins

I have a parameters.ini file, such as:

我有一个parameters.ini文件，比如：

[parameters.ini]
    database_user    = user
    database_version = 20110611142248

I want to read in and use the database version specified in the parameters.ini file from within a bash shell script so I can process it.

我想从 bash shell 脚本中读入并使用 parameters.ini 文件中指定的数据库版本，以便我可以处理它。

#!/bin/sh    
# Need to get database version from parameters.ini file to use in script    
php app/console doctrine:migrations:migrate $DATABASE_VERSION

How would I do this?

我该怎么做？

采纳答案by Ali Lown

How about grepping for that line then using awk

如何grepping该行然后使用awk

version=$(awk -F "=" '/database_version/ {print }' parameters.ini)

回答by kenorb

You can use bash native parser to interpret ini values, by:

您可以使用 bash 本机解析器来解释 ini 值，方法是：

$ source <(grep = file.ini)

Sample file:

示例文件：

[section-a]
  var1=value1
  var2=value2
  IPS=( "1.2.3.4" "1.2.3.5" )

To access variables, you simply printing them: echo $var1. You may also use arrays as shown above (echo ${IPS[@]}).

要访问变量，您只需打印它们：echo $var1. 您也可以使用如上所示的数组 ( echo ${IPS[@]})。

If you only want a single value just grep for it:

如果您只想要一个值，只需 grep 即可：

source <(grep var1 file.ini)

^{For the demo, check this recording at asciinema.}

^{对于演示，请在 asciinema 检查此录音。}

It is simple as you don't need for any external library to parse the data, but it comes with some disadvantages. For example:

这很简单，因为您不需要任何外部库来解析数据，但它有一些缺点。例如：

• If you have spaces between =(variable name and value), then you've to trim the spaces first, e.g.

  $ source <(grep = file.ini | sed 's/ *= */=/g')
  

  Or if you don't care about the spaces (including in the middle), use:

  $ source <(grep = file.ini | tr -d ' ')
  

• To support ;comments, replace them with #:

  $ sed "s/;/#/g" foo.ini | source /dev/stdin
  

• The sections aren't supported (e.g. if you've [section-name], then you've to filter it out as shown above, e.g. grep =), the same for other unexpected errors.

  If you need to read specific value under specific section, use grep -A, sed, awkor ex).

  E.g.

  source <(grep = <(grep -A5 '\[section-b\]' file.ini))
  

  ^{Note: Where -A5is the number of rows to read in the section. Replace sourcewith catto debug.}

• If you've got any parsing errors, ignore them by adding: 2>/dev/null

• 如果=（变量名和值）之间有空格，则必须先修剪空格，例如

  $ source <(grep = file.ini | sed 's/ *= */=/g')
  

  或者，如果您不关心空格（包括中间），请使用：

  $ source <(grep = file.ini | tr -d ' ')
  

• 要支持;评论，请将其替换为#：

  $ sed "s/;/#/g" foo.ini | source /dev/stdin
  

• 不支持这些部分（例如，如果您有[section-name]，那么您必须如上所示将其过滤掉，例如grep =），对于其他意外错误也是如此。

  如果您需要读取特定部分下的特定值，请使用grep -A、sed、awk或ex)。

  例如

  source <(grep = <(grep -A5 '\[section-b\]' file.ini))
  

  ^{注意：-A5节中要读取的行数在哪里。替换source与cat调试。}

• 如果您有任何解析错误，请通过添加以下内容忽略它们： 2>/dev/null

See also: How to parse and convert ini file into bash array variables?at serverfault SE

另请参阅：如何解析 ini 文件并将其转换为 bash 数组变量？在服务器故障 SE

回答by Fredrik Pihl

Bash does not provide a parser for these files. Obviously you can use an awk command or a couple of sed calls, but if you are bash-priest and don't want to use any other shell, then you can try the following obscure code:

Bash 没有为这些文件提供解析器。显然您可以使用 awk 命令或几个 sed 调用，但如果您是 bash-priest 并且不想使用任何其他 shell，那么您可以尝试以下晦涩的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env bash
cfg_parser ()
{
    ini="$(<)"                # read the file
    ini="${ini//[/\[}"          # escape [
    ini="${ini//]/\]}"          # escape ]
    IFS=$'\n' && ini=( ${ini} ) # convert to line-array
    ini=( ${ini[*]//;*/} )      # remove comments with ;
    ini=( ${ini[*]/\    =/=} )  # remove tabs before =
    ini=( ${ini[*]/=\   /=} )   # remove tabs after =
    ini=( ${ini[*]/\ =\ /=} )   # remove anything with a space around =
    ini=( ${ini[*]/#\[/\}$'\n'cfg.section.} ) # set section prefix
    ini=( ${ini[*]/%\]/ \(} )    # convert text2function (1)
    ini=( ${ini[*]/=/=\( } )    # convert item to array
    ini=( ${ini[*]/%/ \)} )     # close array parenthesis
    ini=( ${ini[*]/%\ \)/ \} ) # the multiline trick
    ini=( ${ini[*]/%\( \)/\(\) \{} ) # convert text2function (2)
    ini=( ${ini[*]/%\} \)/\}} ) # remove extra parenthesis
    ini[0]="" # remove first element
    ini[${#ini[*]} + 1]='}'    # add the last brace
    eval "$(echo "${ini[*]}")" # eval the result
}

cfg_writer ()
{
    IFS=' '$'\n'
    fun="$(declare -F)"
    fun="${fun//declare -f/}"
    for f in $fun; do
        [ "${f#cfg.section}" == "${f}" ] && continue
        item="$(declare -f ${f})"
        item="${item##*\{}"
        item="${item%\}}"
        item="${item//=*;/}"
        vars="${item//=*/}"
        eval $f
        echo "[${f#cfg.section.}]"
        for var in $vars; do
            echo $var=\"${!var}\"
        done
    done
}

Usage:

用法：

# parse the config file called 'myfile.ini', with the following
# contents::
#   [sec2]
#   var2='something'
cfg.parser 'myfile.ini'

# enable section called 'sec2' (in the file [sec2]) for reading
cfg.section.sec2

# read the content of the variable called 'var2' (in the file
# var2=XXX). If your var2 is an array, then you can use
# ${var[index]}
echo "$var2"

Bash ini-parser can be found at The Old School DevOps blog site.

Bash ini-parser 可以在The Old School DevOps 博客站点上找到。

回答by egridasov

Sed one-liner, that takes sections into account. Example file:

Sed one-liner，将部分考虑在内。示例文件：

[section1]
param1=123
param2=345
param3=678

[section2]
param1=abc
param2=def
param3=ghi

[section3]
param1=000
param2=111
param3=222

Say you want param2 from section2. Run the following:

假设您想要第 2 节中的 param2。运行以下命令：

sed -nr "/^\[section2\]/ { :l /^param2[ ]*=/ { s/.*=[ ]*//; p; q;}; n; b l;}" ./file.ini

will give you

会给你

def

回答by Gustavo González

Just include your .ini file into bash body:

只需将您的 .ini 文件包含到 bash 正文中：

File example.ini:

文件example.ini：

DBNAME=test
DBUSER=scott
DBPASSWORD=tiger

File example.sh

文件example.sh

#!/bin/bash
#Including .ini file
. example.ini
#Test
echo "${DBNAME}   ${DBUSER}  ${DBPASSWORD}"

回答by Opux

All of the solutions I've seen so far also hit on commented out lines. This one didn't, if the comment code is ;:

到目前为止，我看到的所有解决方案也都出现在注释掉的行上。这个没有，如果评论代码是;：

awk -F '=' '{if (! (
dbver=$(sed -n 's/.*database_version *= *\([^ ]*.*\)//p' < parameters.ini)
echo $dbver
 ~ /^;/) && 
sed -n -e 's/^\s*my_key\s*=\s*//p' my_file
 ~ /database_version/) print }' file.ini

回答by jm666

one of more possible solutions

更多可能的解决方案之一

$ cat my_file
# Example INI file
something   = foo
my_key      = bar
not_my_key  = baz
my_key_2    = bing

$ sed -n -e 's/^\s*my_key\s*=\s*//p' my_file
bar

回答by Dean Rather

Display the value of my_keyin an ini-style my_file:

在 ini 样式的my_file 中显示my_key的值：

# last modified 1 April 2001 by John Doe
[owner]
name=John Doe
organization=Acme Widgets Inc.

[database]
# use IP address in case network name resolution is not working
server=192.0.2.62
port=143
file=payroll.dat

• -n-- do not print anything by default
• -e-- execute the expression
• s/PATTERN//p-- display anything following this pattern In the pattern:
• ^-- pattern begins at the beginning of the line
• \s-- whitespace character
• *-- zero or many (whitespace characters)

• -n-- 默认不打印任何内容
• -e-- 执行表达式
• s/PATTERN//p-- 显示任何遵循此模式的内容 在模式中：
• ^-- 模式从行首开始
• \s-- 空白字符
• *-- 零个或多个（空白字符）

Example:

例子：

# Configuration bindings found outside any section are given to
# to the default section.
1 {
  x
  s/^/default/
  x
}

# Lines starting with a #-character are comments.
/#/n

# Sections are unpacked and stored in the hold space.
/\[/ {
  s/\[\(.*\)\]//
  x
  b
}

# Bindings are unpacked and decorated with the section
# they belong to, before being printed.
/=/ {
  s/^[[:space:]]*//
  s/[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*/|/
  G
  s/\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/|/
  p
}

So:

所以：

Find a pattern where the line begins with zero or many whitespace characters, followed by the string my_key, followed by zero or many whitespace characters, an equal sign, then zero or many whitespace characters again. Display the rest of the content on that line following that pattern.

找到一个模式，其中该行以零个或多个空白字符开头，后跟字符串my_key，然后是零个或多个空白字符，一个等号，然后又是零个或多个空白字符。按照该模式显示该行上的其余内容。

回答by kenorb

sed

sed

You can use sedto parse the ini configuration file, especially when you've section names like:

您可以使用sed来解析 ini 配置文件，尤其是当您有像这样的部分名称时：

owner|name|John Doe
owner|organization|Acme Widgets Inc.
database|server|192.0.2.62
database|port|143
database|file|payroll.dat

so you can use the following sedscript to parse above data:

所以你可以使用下面的sed脚本来解析上面的数据：

##代码##

this will convert the ini data into this flat format:

这会将 ini 数据转换为这种平面格式：

##代码##

so it'll be easier to parse using sed, awkor readby having section names in every line.

所以它会更容易使用解析sed，awk或者read通过在每行有节的名称。

^{Credits & source: Configuration files for shell scripts, Michael Grünewald}

^{积分和来源：shell 脚本的配置文件，Michael Grünewald}

---

---

Alternatively, you can use this project: chilladx/config-parser, a configuration parser using sed.

或者，您可以使用这个项目：chilladx/config-parser，一个使用sed.

回答by wally

For people (like me) looking to read INI files from shell scripts (read shell, not bash) - I've knocked up the a little helper library which tries to do exactly that:

对于希望从 shell 脚本（读取 shell，而不是 bash）读取 INI 文件的人（像我一样） - 我已经敲了一个小助手库，它试图做到这一点：

https://github.com/wallyhall/shini(MIT license, do with it as you please. I've linked above including it inline as the code is quite lengthy.)

https://github.com/wallyhall/shini（MIT许可证，请随意使用它。我已经在上面链接了它，因为代码很长。）

It's somewhat more "complicated" than the simple sedlines suggested above - but works on a very similar basis.

它比sed上面建议的简单线条更“复杂” - 但工作原理非常相似。

Function reads in a file line-by-line - looking for section markers ([section]) and key/value declarations (key=value).

函数逐行读取文件 - 查找部分标记 ( [section]) 和键/值声明 ( key=value)。

Ultimately you get a callback to your own function - section, key and value.

最终你会得到一个你自己的函数的回调——部分、键和值。