在 Lua 中使用 string.gmatch() 拆分字符串
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Split a string using string.gmatch() in Lua
提问by Niccolo M.
There are some discussions here, and utility functions, for splitting strings, but I need an ad-hoc one-liner for a very simple task.
这里有一些讨论和实用函数，用于拆分字符串，但我需要一个临时的单行程序来完成一个非常简单的任务。
I have the following string:
我有以下字符串：
local s = "one;two;;four"
And I want to split it on ";". I want, eventually, go get { "one", "two", "", "four" }in return.
我想将其拆分为";". 我想，最终，去得到{ "one", "two", "", "four" }回报。
So I tried to do:
所以我尝试这样做：
local s = "one;two;;four"
local words = {}
for w in s:gmatch("([^;]*)") do table.insert(words, w) end
But the result (the wordstable) is { "one", "", "two", "", "", "four", "" }. That's certainly not what I want.
但结果（words表）是{ "one", "", "two", "", "", "four", "" }. 那当然不是我想要的。
Now, as I remarked, there are some discussions here on splitting strings, but they have "lengthy" functions in them and I need something succinct. I need this code for a program where I show the merit of Lua, and if I add a lengthy function to do something so trivial it would go against me.
现在，正如我所说，这里有一些关于拆分字符串的讨论，但它们中有“冗长”的函数，我需要一些简洁的东西。我需要这段代码来展示 Lua 的优点，如果我添加一个冗长的函数来做一些如此微不足道的事情，它就会对我不利。
回答by Yu Hao
local s = "one;two;;four"
local words = {}
for w in (s .. ";"):gmatch("([^;]*);") do
table.insert(words, w)
end
By adding one extra ;at the end of the string, the string now becomes "one;two;;four;", everything you want to capture can use the pattern "([^;]*);"to match: anything not ;followed by a ;(greedy).
通过;在字符串末尾添加一个额外的字符串，该字符串现在变为"one;two;;four;"，您想要捕获的所有内容都可以使用该模式"([^;]*);"进行匹配：任何;后面没有a ;（贪婪）的内容。
Test:
测试：
for n, w in ipairs(words) do
print(n .. ": " .. w)
end
Output:
输出：
1: one
2: two
3:
4: four
回答by han xi
function split(str,sep)
local array = {}
local reg = string.format("([^%s]+)",sep)
for mem in string.gmatch(str,reg) do
table.insert(array, mem)
end
return array
end
local s = "one;two;;four"
local array = split(s,";")
for n, w in ipairs(array) do
print(n .. ": " .. w)
end
result:
结果：
1:one
1：一个
2:two
2：两个
3:four
3：四
