将 UTF-8 设置为 Ruby 1.9.3 的默认值

Set UTF-8 as default for Ruby 1.9.3

提问by Fellow Stranger

I'm on Rails 4 and Ruby 1.9.3

我在使用 Rails 4 和 Ruby 1.9.3

I use "strange" characters very often, so I have to declare UTF-8 encoding at the top of all .rb files.

我经常使用“奇怪”的字符，所以我必须在所有 .rb 文件的顶部声明 UTF-8 编码。

Is there any way to set UTF-8 as the default encoding for Ruby 1.9.3?

有没有办法将 UTF-8 设置为 Ruby 1.9.3 的默认编码？

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I tried all answers, but when running rake db:seedand creating an object whose attributes contain non US-ASCIIvalid characters, I still receive this error:

我尝试了所有答案，但是在运行rake db:seed和创建属性包含US-ASCII无效字符的对象时，我仍然收到此错误：

`block in trace_on': invalid byte sequence in US-ASCII (ArgumentError)

回答by Holger Just

To change the source encoding (i.e. the encoding your actual written source code is in), you have to use the magic comment currently:

要更改源编码（即您实际编写的源代码所在的编码），您当前必须使用魔术注释：

# encoding: utf-8

It is not enough to either set the internal encoding (the encoding of the internal string representation after conversion) or the external encoding (the assumed encoding of read files). You actually have to set the magic encoding comment on top of files to set the source encoding.

设置内部编码（转换后内部字符串表示的编码）或外部编码（读取文件的假定编码）是不够的。您实际上必须在文件顶部设置魔术编码注释以设置源编码。

In ChiliProjectwe have a rake taskwhich sets the correct encoding header in all files automatically before a release.

在ChiliProject 中，我们有一个rake 任务，它在发布之前自动在所有文件中设置正确的编码头。

As for encoding defaults:

至于编码默认值：

• Ruby 1.8 and below didn't knew the concept of string encodings at all. Strings were more or less byte arrays.
• Ruby 1.9: default string encoding is US_ASCIIeverywhere.
• Ruby 2.0 and above: default string encoding is UTF-8.

• Ruby 1.8 及以下版本根本不知道字符串编码的概念。字符串或多或少是字节数组。
• Ruby 1.9：默认字符串编码US_ASCII无处不在。
• Ruby 2.0 及更高版本：默认字符串编码为UTF-8.

Thus, if you use Ruby 2.0, you could skip the encoding comment and correctly assume UTF-8 encoding everywhere by default.

因此，如果您使用 Ruby 2.0，您可以跳过编码注释，并在默认情况下正确假定 UTF-8 编码。

回答by Sean Larkin

I think you would want one of the following, depending on the context.

我认为您需要以下其中一项，具体取决于上下文。

Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::UTF_8
Encoding.default_external = Encoding::UTF_8

This setting is made in the environment.rb file.

此设置在 environment.rb 文件中进行。

回答by Зелёный

in Ruby 1.9 the default is ASCII

in Ruby 2.0 the default is UTF-8.

在 Ruby 1.9 中默认是 ASCII

在 Ruby 2.0 中默认是 UTF-8。

change Ruby version

更改 Ruby 版本

or

或者

config.encoding = "utf-8" # application.rb

and in your database.yml

并且在你的 database.yml

development:
     adapter:  your_db
     host:     localhost
     encoding: utf8

回答by davegson

In your application.rb

在你的application.rb

# Configure the default encoding used in templates for Ruby
config.encoding = "utf-8"

This is not the whole story as pointed out by Holger, check out this questionfor further explanation.

这不是 Holger 指出的全部内容，请查看此问题以获取进一步解释。